[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [成唯識論演祕](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1833) › 2.53 # 成唯識論演祕 2.53 成唯識論演祕 2.53 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [2.53](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1833.2.53) 汎明比知略有四種：一、以因比果，如觀現法有引後用，知所引果；二、以果比因，即觀現法有酬前義，知能引因；三、以體比用，觀所成法而知作者、作具差別；四、以用比體，觀作者等，知所成法。今論所明以果知因，由用比體。 > In general, inferences are explained as having briefly four kinds: 1. Inferring the effect from the cause, as when observing that a present phenomenon has the function of inducing what follows, one knows the effect that is induced; 2. Inferring the cause from the effect, that is, when observing that a present phenomenon has the meaning of repaying what came before, one knows the cause that can induce it; 3. Inferring the function from the essence, when observing the formed phenomenon, one knows the distinctions of the maker and the instruments; 4. Inferring the essence from the function, when observing the maker, etc., one knows the formed phenomenon. What the present Treatise clarifies is knowing the cause from the effect, inferring the essence by means of the function. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 2.52](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1833.2.52) - [Next: 2.54](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1833.2.54) - [Up: 2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1833.2) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1833~en-mt.2.53) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1833.2.53](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1833.2.53) · Pramāṇa