[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [唯識二十論述記](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1834) › 2.169 # 唯識二十論述記 2.169 唯識二十論述記 2.169 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [2.169](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1834.2.169) 陳那以後，其聖言量攝入此中，此體除此，外更無故，如因明疏。今者世親說有三量，故論說言「一切量中，現量為勝」，取現境故，證自相故。大、小二乘、外道、內道，皆共許爾。故今總敘貶議諸量，現量勝餘。 > After Dignāga, verbal testimony was subsumed into these \[two\], because its substance does not exist apart from them, as explained in the commentaries on pramāṇa. Here, Vasubandhu speaks of three means of cognition; therefore the treatise says, 'Among all means of cognition, direct perception is supreme,' because it apprehends present objects and realizes their particular characteristics (svalakṣaṇa). Both Mahāyāna and Hīnayāna, non-Buddhists and Buddhists, mutually agree on this. Therefore, this general account reviews and discusses the various means of cognition, \[affirming that\] direct perception is superior to the others. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 2.168](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1834.2.168) - [Next: 2.170](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1834.2.170) - [Up: 2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1834.2) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1834~en-mt.2.169) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1834.2.169](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1834.2.169) · Pramāṇa