[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [因明入正理論疏](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1840) › 2.8 # 因明入正理論疏 2.8 因明入正理論疏 2.8 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [2.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1840.2.8) 述曰：三、隨釋，有二：一解同、二解異。《理門論》云：「說因宗所隨，宗無因不有，此二名譬喻，餘皆此相似。」解初中有三：一牒名、二總顯、三別指。同法牒名，餘文總顯。處謂處所，即是一切，除宗以外有、無法處。顯者，說也。若有、無法說與前陳，因相似品，便決定有宗法，此有、無處即名同法。因者，即是有法之上共許之法，若處有此，名因同品。所立之法是有法上不共許法，若處有共因，決定有此不共許法，名定有性，以共許法成不共故。《理門論》云：「說因宗所隨。」是名同喻。除宗以外，有、無聚中有此共許、不共許法，即是同故。以法同故，能所同故，二合同故。此中正取因之同品，由有此故宗法必隨，故亦兼取宗之同品，合名同法。 > The commentary states: The third part explains them in turn, with two sections: first, explaining similarity; second, explaining dissimilarity. The Nyāyamukha states: 'Stating that where the reason is, the probandum follows, and where the probandum is absent, the reason does not exist—these two are called examples; anything else merely resembles them.' In explaining the first, there are three parts: first, citing the name; second, presenting it in general; third, pointing it out specifically. 'The \[example of\] similarity' cites the name; the rest of the text presents it in general. 'Where' means the locus, which is all loci of existing or non-existing things other than the thesis. 'Is shown' means stated. If an existing or non-existing thing is stated to be of a similar class to the previously presented reason, then it definitely possesses the property of the thesis; this existing or non-existing locus is called the example of similarity. The reason is the commonly accepted property upon the subject; if a locus has this, it is called the reason's similar class. The property to be established is the property upon the subject that is not commonly accepted; if a locus that has the common reason definitely has this unaccepted property, it is called definitely having its nature, because the commonly accepted property establishes that which is not commonly accepted. The Nyāyamukha says: 'Stating that the probandum follows the reason' is called the similar example. Because among the aggregates of existing and non-existing things outside the thesis, having these commonly accepted and unaccepted properties constitutes similarity. Because the properties are similar, the prover and proved are similar, and their combination is similar. Here, one primarily takes the reason's similar class; because this is present, the property of the thesis necessarily follows, and therefore it also secondarily takes the thesis's similar class, collectively calling them the example of similarity. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 2.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1840.2.7) - [Next: 2.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1840.2.9) - [Up: 2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1840.2) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1840~en-mt.2.8) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (2) - [因明正理門論本](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.darsana.pramana.nyayamukha*zh-xuanzang.1.20) — Classical Chinese - [因明正理門論](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.darsana.pramana.nyayamukha*zh-yijing.1.20) — Classical Chinese --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1840.2.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1840.2.8) · Pramāṇa