[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [大乘起信論義記](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1846) › 3.450 # 大乘起信論義記 3.450 大乘起信論義記 3.450 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [3.450](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1846.3.450) 障中魔者天魔，此云障礙也。鬼者埠場鬼也。神者精媚神也。如是鬼神嬈亂佛法令入邪道，故名外道。如是三種能變作三種五塵壞人善心。言坐中現形恐怖者，示可畏之身，怖之以失志。或端正男女者，現可愛之形，惑之以生染。言等相者，現非違非順平等五塵，動亂人心也。 > Among the obstacles, “demons” are heavenly demons (deva-māras), which translates as “hindrances.” “Ghosts” are graveyard ghosts. “Spirits” are seductive nature spirits (\*jingmei\*). Such ghosts and spirits disturb the Buddha’s Dharma and cause people to enter deviant paths, hence they are called “external paths.” These three kinds can transform into three varieties of the five dust-objects to ruin a person's wholesome mind. “While sitting, these may manifest forms to terrify them” means displaying frightening bodies to scare them into losing their resolve. “Or handsome and beautiful male and female \[forms\]” means manifesting alluring forms to seduce them into generating defiled attachment. “And so forth” means manifesting the five dust-objects that are neither disagreeable nor agreeable, but neutral, disturbing people’s minds. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 3.449](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1846.3.449) - [Next: 3.451](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1846.3.451) - [Up: 3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1846.3) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1846~en-mt.3.450) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1846.3.450](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1846.3.450) · Pramāṇa