[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [大乘義章](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1851) › 13.6 # 大乘義章 13.6 大乘義章 13.6 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [13.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1851.13.6) 次辨體性。宗別不同，所說各異。若依《毘曇》，此八禪定，定數為體，餘心心法與定相應是定眷屬，故通名定。若依《成實》，唯心為體，不說心外別有定數。故彼論言「若由定數令心住者，定數亦應由他故住。然彼定數自能住緣，不從他住。心亦如是，自能住緣，何從定數？」故知彼論唯心為體。大乘法中，心有麁細，隨心辨定差別不等。云何不等？心有三種：一者事識、二者妄識、三者真識。事識中定，定數為體，與《毘曇》同。故龍樹云「譬如池水，象入則濁，明珠置中水得澄淨。心亦如是，煩惱入中心則渾濁，定數在中心則澄清。」《涅槃》亦云「十大地中心數之定數。」明同《毘曇》。真識中定，唯心為體，更無別數。故《維摩》云「若離一切數，心如虛空。」妄識中定，義有兩兼，麁則用彼定數為體，細則唯用心識為體。此云何知？如馬鳴說：第七識中義別六種，從無明地至相續識。此六重中，根本四重，心外無數，於中辨定，指心為體。後之兩重，心與數異，就中辨定，定數為體。體性如是。 > Next, distinguishing their essential nature. Because the traditions differ, what they state varies. If according to the \*Abhidharma\*, for these eight dhyānas and absorptions, the mental factor of concentration is the essential nature; the remaining minds and mental factors that are associated with concentration are the retinue of concentration, and thus are all generally called concentration. If according to the \*Tattvasiddhi\*, mind alone is the essential nature; it does not say that apart from the mind there is a separate mental factor of concentration. Therefore that treatise says: 'If it were due to a mental factor of concentration that the mind is caused to abide, the mental factor of concentration would also have to abide by relying on another. However, that mental factor of concentration can itself abide upon an objective support without relying on another to abide. The mind is also like this: it can itself abide upon an objective support; why should it rely on a mental factor of concentration?' Thus we know that in that treatise, mind alone is the essential nature. In the Mahāyāna teachings, the mind has coarse and subtle aspects, and the distinctions of concentration are differentiated according to the mind and are not uniform. How are they not uniform? The mind is of three kinds: first, the phenomenal consciousness; second, the deluded consciousness; third, the true consciousness. The concentration within the phenomenal consciousness has the mental factor of concentration as its essential nature, identical with the \*Abhidharma\*. Thus Nāgārjuna says: 'Like the water of a pool: when an elephant enters, it becomes turbid; when a bright pearl is placed in it, the water becomes clear and pure. The mind is also like this: when afflictions enter, the mind becomes turbid; when the mental factor of concentration is present, the mind becomes clear and purified.' The \*Nirvāṇa \[Sūtra\]\* also says: 'The mental factor of concentration among the ten great ground-factors.' It clearly agrees with the \*Abhidharma\*. The concentration within the true consciousness has mind alone as its essential nature, with no other separate mental factors. Thus the \*Vimalakīrti \[Sūtra\]\* says: 'If free from all mental factors, the mind is like empty space.' The concentration within the deluded consciousness has both senses: the coarse uses that mental factor of concentration as its essential nature; the subtle uses the mind-consciousness alone as its essential nature. How is this known? As Aśvaghoṣa states: within the seventh consciousness there are distinct six kinds of meanings, from the ground of fundamental ignorance up to the continuing consciousness. Among these six layers, in the fundamental four layers there are no mental factors apart from the mind; distinguishing concentration therein, it points to the mind as the essential nature. In the latter two layers, mind and mental factors are distinct; distinguishing concentration therein, the mental factor of concentration is the essential nature. The essential nature is like this. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 13.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1851.13.5) - [Next: 13.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1851.13.7) - [Up: 13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1851.13) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1851~en-mt.13.6) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1851.13.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1851.13.6) · Pramāṇa