[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [大乘義章](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1851) › 20.12 # 大乘義章 20.12 大乘義章 20.12 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [20.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1851.20.12) 次第四門約境分別。境別四重：一事、二法、三理、四實。陰界入等差別之事，是其事也。苦無常等通相之法，是其法也。破相空義，是其理也。如來藏中一切種義自性常爾，是其實也。此之四重，五眼所見。是義云何？今先約就別相五眼而為分別，然後約就總別五眼而為分別。別相五眼分別云何？肉眼、天眼唯見事中一色麁事，餘悉不見。如《涅槃》說「菩薩天眼非直見色，亦見彼色生滅之相。」若從是義，亦分見法，少故不論。法眼見於陰界入等一切種事，及見於法。慧眼見於破相空理。佛眼見實。別相如是。總別五眼見境云何？前之四眼是其別故，別見四境；後一佛眼是其總故，總見四境。就前別中，肉眼、天眼見一色麁，而不窮盡。法眼見於陰界入等事相之法，及見一切苦無常等生滅法數，并見真實如來藏中善有之法，亦不窮盡。慧眼見於破相空理，亦見真實如來藏中自體真空，而不究竟。佛眼見前四重之法，悉皆窮盡。故龍樹云「當知佛眼無所不見、無所不聞、無所不知，以其總故。」問曰：佛眼正可言見，云何言聞？龍樹釋云「從於耳識而生智慧，故說為聞。又復諸根佛眼眷屬，故說為聞。」 > Next, the fourth section distinguishes them according to object. Objects are divided into four tiers: first, phenomena; second, dharmas; third, principle; fourth, the real. Differentiated phenomena such as the aggregates, realms, and entrances are phenomena. Dharmas of universal marks such as suffering and impermanence are dharmas. The meaning of emptiness that breaks marks is principle. All varieties of meaning within the tathāgatagarbha being constantly so in their own-nature is the real. These four tiers are what the five eyes see. What is the meaning of this? Now we will first make a distinction in terms of the specific-aspect five eyes, and then make a distinction in terms of the general-and-specific five eyes. What is the distinction regarding the specific-aspect five eyes? The fleshy eye and the divine eye only see the one coarse phenomenon of form among phenomena, and see nothing else. As the Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra says, "The bodhisattva's divine eye not only sees form, but also sees the marks of arising and ceasing of that form." If according to this meaning, it also partially sees dharmas, but because it is slight it is not discussed. The Dharma eye sees all kinds of phenomena such as the aggregates, realms, and entrances, and also sees dharmas. The wisdom eye sees the principle of emptiness that breaks marks. The Buddha eye sees the real. The specific aspects are thus. How do the general-and-specific five eyes see objects? Because the former four eyes are specific, they specifically see the four objects; because the latter one, the Buddha eye, is general, it generally sees the four objects. Among the former specific ones, the fleshy eye and divine eye see one coarse form, yet not exhaustively. The Dharma eye sees the phenomenal marks and dharmas of the aggregates, realms, and entrances, and sees all the varieties of arising and ceasing dharmas such as suffering and impermanence, and also sees the dharmas of wholesome existence within the real tathāgatagarbha, yet also not exhaustively. The wisdom eye sees the principle of emptiness that breaks marks, and also sees the true emptiness of the essential substance within the real tathāgatagarbha, yet not ultimately. The Buddha eye sees the preceding four tiers of dharmas, all completely and exhaustively. Therefore Nāgārjuna says, "One should know that there is nothing the Buddha eye does not see, nothing it does not hear, and nothing it does not know, because it is general." Question: The Buddha eye may properly be said to see; how can it be said to hear? Nāgārjuna explains, "Because wisdom arises based on the ear-consciousness, it is therefore said to hear. Furthermore, all sense faculties are retinue to the Buddha eye; therefore it is said to hear." > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 20.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1851.20.11) - [Next: 20.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1851.20.13) - [Up: 20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1851.20) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1851~en-mt.20.12) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1851.20.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1851.20.12) · Pramāṇa