[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [摩訶止觀](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1911) › 4.52 # 摩訶止觀 4.52 摩訶止觀 4.52 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [4.52](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1911.4.52) 復次，前一向論持，次一向論犯，今明十戒持犯不定。若通論動出，悉名為「乘」，故有人、天等五乘。通論防止，悉名為「戒」，故有律儀、定共、道共等戒。若就別義，事戒三品名之為「戒」，戒即有漏，不動不出；理戒三品名之為「乘」，乘是無漏，能動能出。約此乘、戒，四句分別：一、乘戒俱急，二、乘急戒緩，三、戒急乘緩，四、乘戒俱緩。 > Furthermore, previously the text exclusively discussed observance, and next it exclusively discussed transgression; now it explains that the observance and transgression of the ten precepts are indeterminate. Broadly speaking, that which moves and delivers \[beings\] is called the 'vehicle'; hence there are the five vehicles, such as those of humans and gods. Broadly speaking, that which prevents and halts \[offenses\] is called the 'precept'; hence there are the precepts of restraint, those concomitant with concentration, and those concomitant with the path. In terms of their distinct senses, the three ranks of literal precepts are called 'precepts'; precepts belong to the contaminated, neither moving nor delivering. The three ranks of principle-based precepts are called the 'vehicle'; the vehicle belongs to the uncontaminated, capable of moving and delivering. In terms of this vehicle and precepts, four propositions are distinguished: first, both vehicle and precepts are urgent; second, the vehicle is urgent while the precepts are slack; third, the precepts are urgent while the vehicle is slack; fourth, both vehicle and precepts are slack. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 4.51](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1911.4.51) - [Next: 4.53](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1911.4.53) - [Up: 4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1911.4) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1911~en-mt.4.52) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1911.4.52](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1911.4.52) · Pramāṇa