[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [摩訶止觀](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1911) › 9.45 # 摩訶止觀 9.45 摩訶止觀 9.45 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [9.45](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1911.9.45) 從觀無常者，對第四禪。餘處亦觀無常，未是別治；得不動定，味之為常。今有觀慧，知離苦樂而終是色法，猶是無常，不應生染，故稱無常。從觀出散對空處。滅三種色，如鳥出籠，故言「出」；緣空，故言「散」。雖緣空，亦有觀慧。觀離欲是對識處。緣空多則散，散名為「欲」；特勝觀慧離是散心，故名「離欲」。觀滅對無所有處。特勝觀慧觀識若多若少皆無，故名「觀滅」。觀棄捨對非想非非想處。棄識處及無所有處，更有妙定名為「非想非非想」，凡夫妄謂涅槃。佛弟子知其雖無麁煩惱而有細煩惱，而無愛味，故稱「淨禪」。從無常至棄捨，皆名「法念處」。 > From contemplating impermanence onward matches the fourth dhyāna. Elsewhere one also contemplates impermanence, but that is not yet a specific antidote; upon attaining the unmoving concentration, one savors it as permanent. Now possessing the wisdom of contemplation, one knows that although it is free from pain and pleasure, it is ultimately a material phenomenon and still impermanent, so one should not give rise to defilement; hence it is called impermanence. From contemplating emergence and dispersion, it matches the station of empty space. Extinguishing the three kinds of form is like a bird exiting a cage, hence called "emergence"; focusing on emptiness, it is called "dispersion." Although focusing on emptiness, it also possesses the wisdom of contemplation. Contemplating dispassion matches the station of consciousness. Focusing excessively on emptiness leads to scattering, and scattering is called "passion"; the contemplative wisdom of the extraordinary separates from this scattered mind, hence it is called "dispassion." Contemplating cessation matches the station of nothingness. The contemplative wisdom of the extraordinary contemplates consciousness as non-existent whether abundant or scarce, hence it is called "contemplating cessation." Contemplating relinquishment matches the station of neither-perception-nor-non-perception. Relinquishing the station of consciousness and the station of nothingness, there is further a subtle concentration called "neither-perception-nor-non-perception," which ordinary persons mistakenly deem to be nirvāṇa. The Buddha's disciples know that although it lacks coarse afflictions, it has subtle afflictions; being free from craving and attachment, it is called "pure dhyāna." From impermanence to relinquishment, all are named the "smṛtyupasthāna of phenomena." > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 9.44](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1911.9.44) - [Next: 9.46](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1911.9.46) - [Up: 9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1911.9) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1911~en-mt.9.45) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1911.9.45](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1911.9.45) · Pramāṇa