[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [法界次第初門](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1925) › 2.133 # 法界次第初門 2.133 法界次第初門 2.133 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [2.133](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1925.2.133) 苦諦下四行：一、無常行者，觀五受陰因緣生，新新生滅，故無常也。二、苦行者，觀五受陰若無常即是苦，為無常之所逼也。三、空行者，觀五受陰一相、異相無故空，即是空。四、無我者，觀五受陰中我、我所法不可得故無相，是為無我行也。 > The four aspects under the truth of suffering: 1. The aspect of impermanence: contemplating that the five appropriated skandhas arise from causes and conditions, being newly born and extinguished moment by moment; hence they are impermanent. 2. The aspect of suffering: contemplating that if the five appropriated skandhas are impermanent, they are suffering, being oppressed by impermanence. 3. The aspect of emptiness: contemplating that because the five appropriated skandhas lack a single characteristic or distinct characteristics, they are empty; this is emptiness. 4. The aspect of non-self: contemplating that within the five appropriated skandhas, a self and what belongs to a self are unattainable and therefore markless; this is the aspect of non-self. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 2.132](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1925.2.132) - [Next: 2.134](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1925.2.134) - [Up: 2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1925.2) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1925~en-mt.2.133) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1925.2.133](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1925.2.133) · Pramāṇa