[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [法界次第初門](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1925) › 3.12 # 法界次第初門 3.12 法界次第初門 3.12 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [3.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1925.3.12) 一、檀波羅蜜。檀那，秦言布施。若內有信心、外有福田、有財物，三事和合時，心生捨法，能破慳貪，是為檀。布施者，有二種：一者財施、二者法施。財施者，所謂飲食、衣服、田宅、六畜、奴婢、珍寶，一切己之所有資身之具，及妻子乃至身命屬他，為他財物，故云捨身，猶屬財施。隨有所須者悉能施與，皆名財物也。法施者，若從諸佛及善知識，聞說世間、出世間善法，若從經論中聞，若自以觀行故知，以清淨心為人演說，皆名法施。菩薩以質直清淨心行此二種施，故名為檀。波羅蜜者，翻名如前。若菩薩於檀中能具修五種心者，是時布施名波羅蜜。何等五？一者知施實相、二者起慈悲心、三者發願、四者迴向、五者具足方便。一、云何名知施實相？若布施時，施人、受人及財物三事皆空不可得，入實相正觀，以無所捨法而隨他，有所須者能捨不悋，是為知施實相。二、云何名起慈悲心？若菩薩雖知布施實相無所有，而起大慈大悲，欲因此施與一切樂、拔一切苦，是為起慈悲心。三、云何名發願？施時，願因此施得無上佛果，不求凡夫、三乘果報，是為發願。四者、云何名迴向？隨所施時，迴此施功德向薩婆若，及施一切眾生，是為迴向。五、云何名具足方便？所謂能於布施一法，旋轉通達一切佛法，遍修諸行，是為具足方便。菩薩若能具足此五心者，是時隨有所施，因中說果，亦名事究竟、亦名到彼岸、亦名度無極也。是以菩薩所行布施者，名為行檀波羅蜜。若至無上菩提佛果，方是檀波羅蜜具足成就。 > First, dāna-pāramitā. Dāna is in Qin language "giving" (dāna). When faithful intention exists internally, a field of merit exists externally, and material goods are present—when these three matters come together, the mind gives rise to the dharma of relinquishment, able to destroy stinginess and greed; this is dāna. There are two kinds of giving: first, the giving of material wealth; second, the giving of the Dharma. The giving of material wealth refers to drink and food, clothing, fields and houses, the six kinds of domestic animals, male and female slaves, precious jewels, all implements for sustaining the body that one possesses, as well as wife and children, up to even bodily life, \[all of which\] belong to others and serve as property for others; hence it is said that relinquishing one's body still belongs to the giving of material wealth. Whatever someone needs, being able to give it all to them—these are all called material wealth. The giving of the Dharma: if one hears worldly and supramundane wholesome dharmas explained by the Buddhas and good spiritual friends, or hears them from sūtras and treatises, or knows them personally through contemplative practice, and expounds them to others with a pure mind—these are all called the giving of the Dharma. When a bodhisattva practices these two kinds of giving with an upright, straightforward, and pure mind, it is therefore called dāna. As for pāramitā, the translated name is as before. If within dāna a bodhisattva is able fully to cultivate five kinds of mental states, at that time the giving is called pāramitā. What are the five? First, knowing the true characteristic of giving; second, giving rise to the mind of loving-kindness and compassion; third, generating vows; fourth, dedicating \[merit\]; fifth, fully possessing skillful means. First, what is meant by knowing the true characteristic of giving? When giving, the three matters—the giver, the recipient, and the material goods—are all empty and ungraspable; entering the correct contemplation of the true characteristic, through the dharma of non-relinquishment yet conforming with others, being able to relinquish without stinginess whatever they need: this is knowing the true characteristic of giving. Second, what is meant by giving rise to the mind of loving-kindness and compassion? If, although the bodhisattva knows that the true characteristic of giving is non-existent, they give rise to great loving-kindness and great compassion, desiring through this giving to bestow all happiness and extract all suffering: this is giving rise to the mind of loving-kindness and compassion. Third, what is meant by generating vows? When giving, vowing that through this giving one will attain the unsurpassed fruit of Buddhahood, not seeking the fruit-retribution of ordinary people or the three vehicles: this is generating vows. Fourth, what is meant by dedicating \[merit\]? At the time of any giving, dedicating the merit of this giving toward omniscience (sarvajñatā) and bestowing it upon all sentient beings: this is dedicating \[merit\]. Fifth, what is meant by fully possessing skillful means? It refers to being able, in the single dharma of giving, to turn and penetrate all Buddha-dharmas and universally cultivate all practices: this is fully possessing skillful means. If a bodhisattva can fully possess these five mental states, then at that time, in whatever they give, speaking of the fruit within the cause, it is also called the consummation of affairs, it is also called reaching the other shore, and it is also called crossing over the limitless. Therefore, the giving practiced by a bodhisattva is called practicing dāna-pāramitā. Only when reaching the fruit of Buddhahood of unsurpassed bodhi is dāna-pāramitā fully consummated. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 3.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1925.3.11) - [Next: 3.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1925.3.13) - [Up: 3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1925.3) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1925~en-mt.3.12) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1925.3.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1925.3.12) · Pramāṇa