[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [淨土論](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1963) › 1.41 # 淨土論 1.41 淨土論 1.41 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [1.41](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1963.1.41) 答曰：今引《毘婆沙論》為證。如彼論中出六種種性人，一是退、二是思、三是護、四是位、五是昇進、六是不動。如退種性人，縱得羅漢，亦還起退。乃至起三界修道煩惱由，根性軟弱故。此人雖體是退根，此人若在欲界人中，逢五退具即退；若生六欲天及色無色界中，無五退具，即不退。由處所無退緣，故永不退也。五退具者，一長病、二遠行、三誦經、四瑩事、五和諍。此之五種，唯人中有，天等中無。誦經等三雖是善事，廢入觀，故退也。准此例彼，亦可同然。如一切凡夫雖復念佛，未至十解位，由在外凡，故體是退人。此人若在娑婆穢土中，由逢五退緣故即退；若生西方，由無五退緣，故不退也。五退緣者，一短命多病、二有女人及生染六塵、三是惡行人謂惡知識、四是不善及無記心、五常不值佛也。淨土中無此五退緣，故畢竟不退也。此引聖教，證處所不退明矣。又據二經，皆云往生者得不退，不云不退人得往生也。故《無量壽經》云「生彼土者，皆悉住於正定之聚。所以者何。彼土無有邪定及不定聚名」也，《小經》亦云「眾生生者，皆是阿毘跋致」，不云阿毘跋致人得往生也。猶如此間具三受人，若生彼土則無苦捨，唯有樂受也，由彼處所無二受故。 > Answer: I now cite the Vibhāṣā-śāstra as proof. That treatise sets forth six kinds of persons of distinct dispositions: first, of retrogression; second, of reflection; third, of protection; fourth, of stage; fifth, of progression; sixth, of immovability. As for a person of the disposition of retrogression, even if they attain arhatship, they will still generate retrogression again, even giving rise to the afflictions of the path of cultivation in the three realms, because their faculties are weak. Although this person's nature is of retrogressing faculties, if this person is among humans in the desire realm, when meeting the five conditions of retrogression they immediately retrogress; if born in the six desire heavens or in the form or formless realms, being without the five conditions of retrogression, they do not retrogress. Because the place lacks conditions for retrogression, they never retrogress. The five conditions of retrogression are: first, prolonged illness; second, long travel; third, chanting sūtras; fourth, attending to chores; fifth, settling disputes. These five kinds exist only among humans and do not exist among the gods and others. Although the three such as chanting sūtras are good deeds, they neglect entering contemplation, and thus one retrogresses. Drawing a parallel from this, the other case can also be the same. Just as all ordinary persons, though reciting the Buddha's name, have not reached the stage of the ten understandings and thus, being external ordinary persons, are essentially persons who retrogress. If this person is in the Sahā impure land, because they encounter the five conditions of retrogression, they immediately retrogress; if born in the West, because they are without the five conditions of retrogression, they do not retrogress. The five conditions of retrogression are: first, short lifespan and many diseases; second, the presence of women and the arising of defilement toward the six sense objects; third, evil practitioners, that is, bad spiritual friends; fourth, unwholesome and indeterminate minds; fifth, constantly failing to encounter a Buddha. In the Pure Land these five conditions of retrogression do not exist; therefore, one is ultimately non-retrogressing. Citing the sacred teaching in this way clearly proves non-retrogression of place. Furthermore, based on the two sūtras, both state that those who are reborn attain non-retrogression; they do not say that non-retrogressing persons attain rebirth. Therefore, the Longer Sukhāvatīvyūha-sūtra says: 'Those born in that land all abide in the assembly of correct concentration. Why is this? In that land there are no names for the assembly of wrong determination or the undetermined assembly.' The Shorter Sūtra also says: 'The sentient beings born \[there\] are all avaivartika'; it does not say that avaivartika persons attain rebirth. It is just like a person here who possesses the three feelings: if born in that land, they have neither painful nor neutral feelings, but only pleasant feelings, because that place lacks those two feelings. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 1.40](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1963.1.40) - [Next: 1.42](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1963.1.42) - [Up: 1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1963.1) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1963~en-mt.1.41) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1963.1.41](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1963.1.41) · Pramāṇa