[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [樂邦文類](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1969a) › 4.40 # 樂邦文類 4.40 樂邦文類 4.40 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [4.40](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1969a.4.40) 一、染淨國又二，初、同居穢者，凡聖同居國也，凡聖各二。凡居二者：一、惡眾生，即四趣也；二、善眾生，即人天也。聖居二者：一、實聖，即四果、支佛、通教六地、別十住、圓十信後心，通惑雖斷、報身猶在。二、權聖，謂方便實報寂光土中法身菩薩及妙覺佛，為利有緣，應生同居，皆是權也。是等與凡共住，故云凡聖同居；四趣共住，故云穢土。次、同居淨土者，無量壽國雖果報殊勝難可比喻，然亦染淨凡聖同居。何者？雖無四趣，而有人天，以生彼土者未必悉是得道之人，故經云「犯重罪者，臨終之時懺悔念佛。業障便轉，即得往生。」若但生聖，凡夫何得願生？故知雖具惑染亦得居也。聖生權實，類前可知。但以無四惡趣，故名為淨。問：穢土十惡所感，四趣依正皆穢可然。但十善果淨土因同，何得依正頓別耶？答：二處修因善名雖同，淨土修善精微勝故，故彼凡聖所得依正不同穢土。 > First, the defiled and pure lands are also twofold. First, the cohabiting defiled land is the land where commoners and sages cohabit, with two types of commoners and two types of sages. The two types of commoners who dwell there are: first, evil sentient beings, namely those of the four destinies; second, good sentient beings, namely humans and devas. The two types of sages who dwell there are: first, real sages, namely \[those of\] the four fruits, pratyekabuddhas, the sixth ground of the shared teaching, the ten abodes of the distinct teaching, and the final mind of the ten faiths of the perfect teaching—though delusions common \[to all three vehicles\] are severed, their reward bodies still remain. Second, provisional sages, refers to the dharmakāya bodhisattvas and wondrous enlightenment buddhas in the lands of expediency, true reward, and quiescent light, who, to benefit those with affinity, respond by taking birth in the cohabiting \[land\]; all are provisional. Because these \[sages\] live together with commoners, it is called 'commoners and sages cohabiting'; because they dwell together with the four destinies, it is called a 'defiled land.' Next, as for the cohabiting pure land: although the land of Immeasurable Life is so exceedingly supreme in fruit and reward that it can hardly be paralleled by analogies, nevertheless it is also a land where the defiled and the pure, commoners and sages, cohabit. Why is this? Although it is free of the four destinies, humans and devas are present, for those born in that land are not necessarily all persons who have attained the Path. Thus the sūtra states: 'Those who have committed grave offenses, at the time of approaching death, repent and practice buddha-mindfulness. Their karmic hindrances are immediately transformed, and they at once attain rebirth.' If only sages were born there, how could ordinary commoners aspire for rebirth? Therefore, know that even those possessed of defilements of delusion may also dwell there. As for the provisional and real among the sages born there, they may be understood by analogy with the previous \[explanation\]. Merely because there are no four evil destinies, it is called 'pure.' Question: The defiled land is brought about by the ten evils, so it is understandable that the circumstantial and primary rewards of the four destinies are both defiled; but since the cause of the pure land is identical in the fruit of the ten virtues, how can circumstantial and primary rewards differ so abruptly? Answer: Although the name of good karma cultivated as cause in both places is the same, the cultivation of goodness for the pure land is subtle, exquisite, and superior; therefore, the circumstantial and primary rewards obtained by those commoners and sages are different from those of the defiled land. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 4.39](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1969a.4.39) - [Next: 4.41](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1969a.4.41) - [Up: 4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1969a.4) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1969a~en-mt.4.40) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (1) - [維摩經略疏](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1778.1.20) — Classical Chinese --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1969a.4.40](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1969a.4.40) · Pramāṇa