[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [宗鏡錄](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2016) › [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2016~en-mt) › 72.3 # 宗鏡錄 72.3 English (machine translation) 72.3 - **Language:** English ### [72.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2016~en-mt.72.3) Answer: Broadly there are fifteen grounds of reliance, and briefly there are three reliances. As for the fifteen grounds of reliance: first, the ground of reliance of speech; second, the ground of reliance of reception; third, the ground of reliance of habit energy; fourth, the ground of reliance of being moistened; fifth, the ground of reliance of immediate cessation; sixth, the ground of reliance of sense objects; seventh, the ground of reliance of faculties; eighth, the ground of reliance of action; ninth, the ground of reliance of human effort; tenth, the ground of reliance of true seeing; eleventh, the ground of reliance of conformity; twelfth, the ground of reliance of virtuous capability; thirteenth, the ground of reliance of combination; fourteenth, the ground of reliance of obstruction; and fifteenth, the ground of reliance of non-obstruction. The Baifa chao matches the fifteen grounds of reliance with the ten causes. First, the ground of reliance of speech takes dharmas, names, and concepts as the cause of speech. What is meant by dharmas is all dharmas: because there are these dharmas to be explained, they can cause the internal minds of sentient beings to give rise to concepts. Having conceptualized these dharmas to be explained, one subsequently establishes their names. After names are established in the internal mind, speech can then be produced. Thus, the three—dharmas, names, and concepts—come first and are the producers, and only then is the produced speech able to arise. Relying on this ground of reliance of speech, the discursive cause is established. Second, the ground of reliance of reception: 'receiving' means accepting and taking in; 'reception' extends to the five feelings, and the five feelings all have receiving and taking in as their nature. Relying on this ground of reliance of reception, the dependent cause is established. 'Observing' means facing; 'depending' means relying upon. That is, the producer and produced face and rely upon each other to establish the cause. Third, the ground of reliance of habit energy: this refers to internal and external seeds in the state of future maturation before they have been moistened. This is called the ground of reliance of habit energy. Established upon these unmoistened seeds, it is the pulling cause. As for internal seeds, for instance, within the eighth consciousness there are limitless seeds; before defiled seeds have been moistened by the water of craving and grasping, although they do not immediately produce actual manifestation, there is nonetheless upon these seeds the function of pulling and generating the fruits of actual manifestation that will arise in the future. It is based on these seeds that it is named the pulling cause. Fourth, the ground of reliance of being moistened: regarding the seeds of the aforementioned ground of reliance of habit energy, once they have been moistened, although they do not immediately produce actual manifestation, they are nevertheless already moistened. These moistened seeds can serve as the ground of reliance for the subsequent proximate fruit of actual manifestation. The former ground of reliance of habit energy was spoken in terms of internal and external seeds that have not yet been moistened; this ground of reliance of being moistened is spoken in terms of internal and external seeds that have already been moistened. Based on the ground of reliance of being moistened, the generative cause is established. Fifth, the ground of reliance of immediate cessation: this is the immediately antecedent condition among the citta and caitta dharmas. That is, the preceding cessation of citta and caitta serves as the condition. 'Condition' means the function of opening, avoiding, and guiding. That is, the preceding cessation acts as the condition, able to serve as the ground of reliance for the subsequent moment's aggregate of citta and caitta. The subsequent moment's citta and caitta arise by relying on that preceding moment's condition; hence it is named the ground of reliance of immediate cessation. Based on this ground of reliance of immediate cessation, the receptive cause is established. This one cause is broad: the six kinds of grounds of reliance from here downward are all subsumed under the receptive cause. Sixth, the ground of reliance of sense objects: this is the object-condition of all objective realms. Because all these object-conditions and objective realms can serve as the place of support and arising for all the cognizing citta and caittas. Because the mind does not arise in isolation, but only arises by relying on objects, this is also a receptive cause. Seventh, the ground of reliance of faculties: this refers to the six internal bases, namely the five material faculties and the mental faculty, making six. These six faculties are the places upon which the eight consciousnesses and mental factors depend. The former ground of reliance of immediate cessation took the function of the preceding moment of the eight consciousnesses as the ground of reliance to induce the subsequent moment to arise; now, this ground of reliance of faculties takes the present five material faculties and the seventh mind \[as its referents\], and is named the ground of reliance of faculties, also establishing the receptive cause. Eighth, the ground of reliance of action: - [Previous: 72.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2016~en-mt.72.2) - [Next: 72.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2016~en-mt.72.4) - [Up: 72](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2016~en-mt.72) ## Linked texts (1) - [宗鏡錄](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2016.72.3) — Classical Chinese --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2016~en-mt.72.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2016~en-mt.72.3) · Pramāṇa