[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [佛祖統紀](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2035) › 31.14 # 佛祖統紀 31.14 佛祖統紀 31.14 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [31.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2035.31.14) 俱舍論云。第一須彌山高廣各八萬由旬（長阿含。起世經。高八萬四千由旬。餘七山及鐵圍。次第減半）第一香水海。橫廣八萬由旬（起世廣八萬四千）第二持雙山。高廣各四萬由旬（諸山次第減半）第二香水海。橫廣四萬由旬（七海橫廣各隨七山高量。次第減半）第三持軸山。高廣各二萬由旬。第四擔木山。高廣各一萬由旬。第五善見山。高廣各五千由旬。第六馬耳山。高廣各二千五百由旬。第七障礙山。高廣各一千二百五十由旬。第七香水海。一千二百五十由旬。第八持地山。高廣各六百二十五由旬。第八大鹹水海。橫闊三十二萬二千由旬。中有四州（阿毘曇論。水際周圍三十六億八千四百七十五由旬）第九小鐵圍山。高廣各三百十二由旬（阿毘曇周圍三十六億一萬三百五十由旬）諸山入水皆八萬由旬。住金輪上。諸海皆深八萬由旬（今詳。自須彌山心南向至本山際。八萬由旬。度七香水海十六萬由旬。度七金山八萬由旬。至七山南際臨海。凡二十八萬由旬。南北通徑凡五十六億萬由旬）○長阿含云。須彌山南有天下名閻浮提（此云勝金洲。新婆沙論名贍部）其土南狹北廣。縱廣七千由旬。人面像此地形。有大樹名閻浮。圍七由旬。高百由旬。枝葉四布五十由旬。人壽百歲。中夭者多○阿毘曇云。南洲衣服莊飾種種不同。一生欲事無數。亦有修行至死無欲○起世云。大海北有閻浮樹。此樹下有閻浮那檀金聚高二十由旬（以此勝金出樹下故。因以名樹名洲）○順正理論。有二十中洲。一遮末羅（新婆沙云羅剎住處）二筏羅遮羅。皆有人住○長阿含云。須彌山東有天下名弗于逮（此云勝身立世云弗提婆）其土東狹西廣。形如半月。縱廣九千由旬。人面像之。有大樹王名伽藍浮。圍七由旬。高百由旬。枝葉四布五十由旬。人壽二百歲（樓炭經云三百歲）飯食魚肉。以穀帛珠璣共相市易。有嫁娶禮○立世阿毘曇論云。東弗提婆人多欲者。一生數至六七。亦有修行至死無欲。食自死魚肉自不殺生。頭髮剪前披後。著下衣竟上衣繞○順正理論云。有二中洲。一提訶。二毘提訶。皆有人住○長阿含云。須彌山西有天下名俱耶尼（此云牛貨。新婆沙云瞿陀尼）其土形如滿月。人面像之。縱廣八千由旬。有樹王名斤提。圍七由旬。高百由旬。枝葉布散五千由旬。人壽三百歲。以牛馬珠玉共相市易○阿毘曇云。彼土食肉殺生。人死燒屍。或置水埋土。嫁娶同南洲人。多欲者至十或十二。亦有至死無欲者。莊飾皆被髮上下著衣○順正理云。有二中洲。一舍搋（古獲反）二怛里拏。皆有人住○起世論云。斤提樹下有一石牛。高一由旬。因名瞿陀尼（因以名洲）○長阿含云。須彌山北有天下名欝單越（此云最勝。新婆沙論名俱盧洲）其土正方人面像。縱廣一萬由旬。有大樹王名庵婆羅。圍七由旬。高百由旬。枝葉布散五十由旬。諸山浴池華果豐茂。眾鳥和鳴。四面有阿耨達池出四大河。無有溝阬荊棘蚊虻毒蟲。自然糠米眾味具足。有摩尼珠名曰焰光。置自然釜鍑下（自然糠米者自生也。自然釜鍑者自燒然也。鍑方宥反。似釜而大）。飯熟光滅。有樹名曲躬。葉葉相次天雨不漏。彼諸男女止宿其下。有諸香樹。果熟之時。自然裂出種種身衣或器或食。河中寶船乘載娛樂。入中浴時脫衣岸上。乘船度水。遇衣便著。不求本衣。次至香樹手取樂器。並以妙聲和絃而行。其人無有眾病。顏貌同等髮紺青色齊眉而止。人起欲時熟視女人。彼女隨詣園林。若是父親母親不應行欲者。樹不曲蔭。各自散去。若非親者樹則曲蔭。隨意娛樂。一日至七日。爾乃捨去。彼人懷妊七八日便產。隨生男女置於四衢。有諸行人出指含𠻳。指出甘乳充遍兒身。過七日已其兒長成。與彼人等。男向男眾女向女眾。彼人命終不相哭泣（以人壽定千歲故不吊死）莊嚴死屍置四衢道。有鳥名憂尉禪伽。接置他方（阿毘曇云。其鳥啄屍。至山外啖食之）其地柔軟隨足隱起。大小便時地為開拆。利已還合。其人前世修十善行來生此洲。壽命千歲不增不減。命終之後生天善處○阿毘曇云。北洲人多欲者。一生數至四五。亦有修行至死無欲○順正理論。有二中洲。一矩拉婆。二憍拉婆皆有人住○阿毘曇云。南洲人長三肘半。或四肘。東洲八肘。西洲十六肘。北洲三十二肘（起世云。南洲三半。東西洲同量。北洲七肘○一肘即當姬周尺八）○長阿含云南州有三事勝。一者勇猛強記能造業行。二者勤修梵行。三者佛出其土○新婆沙論。四大洲八中洲。人形短小。有說遮末羅洲唯羅剎住。復有五百小洲。或有人住。或非人住。或有空者○菩薩藏經。佛言。我觀世間眾生。常為十苦逼迫。一生。二老。三病。四死。五愁。六怨。七苦受。八憂。九痛惱。十生死流轉。眾生為得菩提出離如是逼迫○四教儀。在因之時行五常五戒中品十善。感人道身。 > The \*Abhidharmakośa\* says: The first mountain, Mount Sumeru, is eighty thousand yojanas in both height and breadth (the \*Dīrghāgama\* and \*Lokasthiti-sūtra\* say eighty-four thousand yojanas; the other seven mountains and the Iron Ring mountain are successively reduced by half). The first fragrant-water sea is eighty thousand yojanas across (the \*Lokasthiti\* says eighty-four thousand). The second mountain, Yugandhara, is forty thousand yojanas in both height and breadth (the various mountains are successively reduced by half). The second fragrant-water sea is forty thousand yojanas across (the spans across the seven seas each follow the heights of the seven mountains, successively reduced by half). The third mountain, Īṣādhara, is twenty thousand yojanas in both height and breadth. The fourth mountain, Khadiraka, is ten thousand yojanas in both height and breadth. The fifth mountain, Sudarśana, is five thousand yojanas in both height and breadth. The sixth mountain, Aśvakarṇa, is two thousand five hundred yojanas in both height and breadth. The seventh mountain, Vinataka, is one thousand two hundred and fifty yojanas in both height and breadth. The seventh fragrant-water sea is one thousand two hundred and fifty yojanas across. The eighth mountain, Nemindhara, is six hundred and twenty-five yojanas in both height and breadth. The eighth great salt-water sea is three hundred and twenty-two thousand yojanas across. In it are the four continents (the \*Abhidharma\* says the circumference along the water's edge is 3,600,084,075 yojanas). The ninth, the Small Iron Ring Mountain, is three hundred and twelve yojanas in both height and breadth (the \*Abhidharma\* says the circumference is 3,600,010,350 yojanas). All the mountains enter eighty thousand yojanas into the water, resting upon the golden disc. All the seas are eighty thousand yojanas deep. (Upon careful examination now: From the center of Mount Sumeru southward to the edge of this mountain is eighty thousand yojanas. Crossing the seven fragrant-water seas is one hundred and sixty thousand yojanas. Crossing the seven golden mountains is eighty thousand yojanas. Reaching the southern border of the seven mountains facing the sea, it totals two hundred and eighty thousand yojanas. The north-south diameter across totals 5,600,000,000 yojanas.) / The \*Dīrghāgama\* says: South of Mount Sumeru there is an under-heaven named Jambudvīpa (translated here as 'continent of superior gold'; the \*New Vibhāṣā\* calls it Jambu). Its land is narrow in the south and broad in the north, seven thousand yojanas in length and breadth. The faces of its people resemble this terrain. There is a great tree named Jambu, seven yojanas in circumference and one hundred yojanas high, with branches and leaves spreading fifty yojanas in the four directions. The human lifespan is one hundred years, and those who die prematurely are many. / The \*Abhidharma\* says: In the southern continent, clothing and adornments vary in many ways. In a lifetime, sexual desires are countless; there are also those who practice cultivation until death without desire. / The \*Lokasthiti\* says: North of the great ocean there is a Jambu tree; beneath this tree there is a heap of Jāmbūnada gold twenty yojanas high (because this superior gold comes from beneath the tree, the tree and the continent are named after it). / The \*Nyāyānusāra\* says: There are twenty intermediate continents: first, Cāmara (the \*New Vibhāṣā\* says the dwelling place of rākṣasas); second, Varacāmara. Both have people dwelling there. / The \*Dīrghāgama\* says: East of Mount Sumeru there is an under-heaven named Pūrvavideha (translated here as 'superior body'; the \*Lokasthiti\* calls it Videha). Its land is narrow in the east and broad in the west, shaped like a half-moon, nine thousand yojanas in length and breadth. The faces of its people resemble it. There is a great king of trees named Gālambu, seven yojanas in circumference and one hundred yojanas high, with branches and leaves spreading fifty yojanas in the four directions. The human lifespan is two hundred years (the \*Loutan jing\* says three hundred years). They feed on fish and meat, and trade with grain, silk, and pearls. They have wedding rituals. / The \*Lokasthiti-abhidharma-śāstra\* says: Among the people of eastern Videha, those of many desires reach six or seven times in a lifetime; there are also those who practice cultivation until death without desire. They eat fish and meat that died naturally and do not kill living beings themselves. Their hair is cut in front and drapes down behind. Having put on their lower garments, they wrap an upper garment around. / The \*Nyāyānusāra\* says: There are two intermediate continents: first, Deha; second, Videha. Both have people dwelling there. / The \*Dīrghāgama\* says: West of Mount Sumeru there is an under-heaven named Godānīya (translated here as 'cattle-trade'; the \*New Vibhāṣā\* calls it Godhānīya). Its land is shaped like a full moon, and the faces of its people resemble it, eight thousand yojanas in length and breadth. There is a king of trees named Kinti, seven yojanas in circumference and one hundred yojanas high, with branches and leaves spreading five thousand yojanas. The human lifespan is three hundred years. They trade with cattle, horses, pearls, and jade. / The \*Abhidharma\* says: In that land they eat meat and kill living beings. When people die, they cremate the corpses, or place them in water, or bury them in earth. Marriages are the same as those of the southern continent. Those with many desires reach ten or twelve; there are also those who are without desire until death. For adornment, they all wear their hair draped down and put on clothes above and below. / The \*Nyāyānusāra\* says: There are two intermediate continents: first, Śāṭhā; second, Tṛṇā. Both have people dwelling there. / The \*Lokasthiti-śāstra\* says: Beneath the Kinti tree there is a stone cow one yojana high; hence it is named Godhānīya (and the continent is named after it). / The \*Dīrghāgama\* says: North of Mount Sumeru there is an under-heaven named Uttarakuru (translated here as 'most superior'; the \*New Vibhāṣā\* calls it Kuru continent). Its land is square, and the people's faces resemble it, ten thousand yojanas in length and breadth. There is a great king of trees named Āmra, seven yojanas in circumference and one hundred yojanas high, with branches and leaves spreading fifty yojanas. Mountains, bathing pools, flowers, and fruits are luxuriant, and flocks of birds sing in harmony. On the four sides, Lake Anavatapta gives rise to four great rivers. There are no gullies, pits, thorns, brambles, mosquitoes, gnats, or venomous insects. Spontaneous husked rice is complete with all flavors. There is a mani jewel named Blazing Radiance, which is placed beneath spontaneous pots and cauldrons (spontaneous husked rice means it grows of itself; spontaneous pots and cauldrons mean they burn of themselves; \*fu\* \[cauldron\] is pronounced like \*you\*, resembling a pot but larger). When the rice is cooked, the radiance extinguishes. There is a tree named Curving Bow; its leaves overlap in succession so that rain from the heavens does not leak through. Those men and women reside beneath it. There are fragrant trees; when their fruits ripen, they spontaneously burst open, yielding various garments, utensils, or food. Jeweled boats in the rivers carry people for pleasure. When entering to bathe, they take off their clothes on the bank, ride boats across the water, and when they encounter clothes they put them on without seeking their original garments. Next, going to the fragrant trees, they take musical instruments with their hands and walk along harmonizing strings with exquisite voices. Those people have no illnesses; their countenances are alike, their hair is dark blue and trimmed even with the eyebrows. When someone experiences desire, he looks intently at a woman, and that woman follows him to the grove. If they are related as father or mother and should not engage in desire, the tree does not curve down to shade them, and each departs. If they are not relatives, the tree curves down to shade them, and they take pleasure at will. From one to seven days, only then do they part. When that woman conceives, she gives birth in seven or eight days. As soon as a boy or girl is born, they place it at a crossroads. Passersby extend their fingers for the child to suckle; sweet milk flows from the fingers and suffuses the child's body. After seven days have passed, the child is fully grown, equal to those adults: boys go to the company of men, and girls go to the company of women. When those people die, they do not weep for one another (since the human lifespan is fixed at one thousand years, they do not mourn death). Adorning the corpse, they place it at a crossroads. There is a bird named Uvvijaṅgha which carries it away and places it in another land (the \*Abhidharma\* says the bird pecks the corpse and eats it outside the mountains). The ground is soft and yields beneath the foot, rising again. When urinating or defecating, the ground opens up for them, and after finishing it closes back up. Those people cultivated the ten wholesome deeds in past lives and came to be born in this continent. Their lifespan is one thousand years, neither increasing nor decreasing. After death, they are born into good destinies in the heavens. / The \*Abhidharma\* says: In the northern continent, those of many desires reach four or five times in a lifetime; there are also those who practice cultivation until death without desire. / The \*Nyāyānusāra\* says: There are two intermediate continents: first, Kaurava; second, Kauravya. Both have people dwelling there. / The \*Abhidharma\* says: People of the southern continent are three and a half cubits or four cubits tall; the eastern continent, eight cubits; the western continent, sixteen cubits; the northern continent, thirty-two cubits. (The \*Lokasthiti\* says: Southern continent, three and a half; eastern and western continents are equal in measure; northern continent, seven cubits. One cubit corresponds to one foot and eight inches of the Ji Zhou dynasty.) / The \*Dīrghāgama\* says: The southern continent is superior in three matters: first, being courageous and having strong memory, able to perform karmic actions; second, diligently cultivating pure conduct (\*brahmacarya\*); third, the Buddhas appear in this land. / The \*New Vibhāṣā\* says: In the four great continents and eight intermediate continents, human forms are small and short. Some say the Cāmara continent is inhabited only by rākṣasas. Furthermore, there are five hundred small continents; some are inhabited by humans, some by non-humans, and some are uninhabited. / The \*Bodhisattvapiṭaka-sūtra\* \[says\]: The Buddha said: I observe that sentient beings in the world are constantly oppressed by ten sufferings: first, birth; second, old age; third, sickness; fourth, death; fifth, sorrow; sixth, resentment; seventh, painful sensation; eighth, anxiety; ninth, agonizing affliction; tenth, the cycle of birth and death. In order to attain bodhi, sentient beings transcend such oppressions. / The \*Sijiao yi\* says: While in the causal stage, practicing the five constants, the five precepts, and the middling ten wholesome actions induces a body in the human destiny. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 31.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2035.31.13) - [Next: 31.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2035.31.15) - [Up: 31](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2035.31) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2035~en-mt.31.14) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (1) - [長阿含經](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.agama.dirghagama*zh-buddhayasas.30.45) — Classical Chinese --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2035.31.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2035.31.14) · Pramāṇa