[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [佛祖統紀](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2035) › 33.37 # 佛祖統紀 33.37 佛祖統紀 33.37 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [33.37](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2035.33.37) 述曰。磐甞案煥師義述供天禮文（板在東湖尊教寺塔局）定十六位。先梵釋次北天。法智謂。經家先標北方者。西土以北方為上。次東南西天。次功德大辯。若摩利支韋馱二天。是明智住南湖日加入之（事見本傳）次密迹散脂樹神地神鬼母。二十八部。共十六位。以此為定。訶利帝此翻惡賊。蓋是鬼子母。未受戒時食王城男女。居人怨之故作此目。今既護法須當削去。煥師天傳。曉石芝光明助解。並云。經中雙舉秖目一人（淨無住。居月波日。每當歲旦修懺。必於天位刪去訶利帝南一勻不令稱唱。謂祖師但順經文失於刪削。然哉）舊立十二位者。依懺儀也。十四位者。後人加樹神地神也。十六位者。加摩利支韋馱也。或加日月娑竭羅龍等。或為十八。或為二十。雖據經文。實為汎濫。世有霆師天傳者。正墮此弊也（詳見諸天禮文）。 > I comment: I, Zhipan, once examined Master Huan's principles and composed a ritual text for offering to the devas (the printing blocks are at the Pagoda Bureau of Zunjiao Temple at Donghu), determining sixteen seats. First are Brahmā and Śakra, next the northern devas. Fazhi said, 'The reason the scriptural compilers first mark the northern direction is that the Western Land takes the north as supreme.' Next are the eastern, southern, and western devas, followed by Merit and Great Eloquence. As for the two devas Mārīcī and Skanda, Mingzhi added them during his days dwelling at Nanhu (the account appears in his biography). Next are Guhyapada, Saṃjñeya, the Tree Spirit, the Earth Spirit, the Mother of Ghosts, and the Twenty-Eight Classes, making sixteen seats in all. This was fixed as definitive. Hārītī translates here as 'evil thief'; she was the Mother of Ghost Sons. Before receiving the precepts, she devoured boys and girls of the royal city; the residents resented her, so they gave her this name. Now that she protects the Dharma, she should be expunged. Master Huan's 'Biographies of Devas' and the Guangming zhujie by Xiao of Shizhi both say that the scripture mentions both names only to designate a single person. (When Jing Wuzhu resided at Yuebo, whenever he practiced repentance at New Year's dawn, he unfailingly struck out the single phrase 'Hārītīnāṃ' from the ranks of the devas, not allowing it to be chanted, saying that the ancestral masters merely followed the scriptural text and failed to delete it. How true this is!) The old establishment of twelve seats followed the repentance ritual. The fourteen seats resulted from later people adding the Tree Spirit and Earth Spirit. The sixteen seats added Mārīcī and Skanda. Some also added the Sun, Moon, Sāgara Dragon, and others, making eighteen or twenty; although based on scriptural texts, this is truly excessive. In the world, there are those with Master Ting's 'Biographies of Devas', which falls precisely into this defect (detailed in the Zhutian liwen). > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 33.36](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2035.33.36) - [Next: 33.38](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2035.33.38) - [Up: 33](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2035.33) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2035~en-mt.33.37) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2035.33.37](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2035.33.37) · Pramāṇa