[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [佛祖歷代通載](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2036) › 1.184 # 佛祖歷代通載 1.184 佛祖歷代通載 1.184 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [1.184](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2036.1.184) 器世界所成之體。即四大種種具生。故地堅水濕火煖風動。是等大種最極微細者曰極微塵。亦名隣虛塵。不能析釋。彼七隣虛為一極微。彼七極微為一微塵。彼七微塵為一透金塵。彼七透金塵為一透水塵。彼七透水塵為一兔毛塵。彼七兔毛塵為一羊毛塵。彼七羊毛塵為一牛毛塵。彼七牛毛塵為一遊隙塵。彼七遊隙塵為一蟣量。彼七蟣量為一蝨量。彼七蝨量為一麥量。彼七麥量為一指節。三節為一指。二十四指橫布為一肘四肘為一弓。五百弓量成一俱盧舍。八俱盧舍成一由旬。此是度量世界身相。成世界因由。一切有情共業所感。云何成耶。從空界中十方風起互相衝激。堅密不動為妙風輪。其色青白極大堅實。深十六洛叉由旬。廣量無數。由煖生雲名曰金藏。降注大雨依風而住。謂之底海。深十一洛叉二萬由旬。廣十二洛叉三千四百半由旬。其水搏激上結成金。如熟乳停上凝成膜。即金地輪。故水輪減唯厚八洛叉。餘轉成金。厚三洛叉二萬由旬。金輪廣量與水輪等。周圍即成三倍。合三十六洛叉一萬三百五十由旬。其前風輪娑婆界底。地水二輪四洲果底。於地輪上復澍大雨即成大海。被風鑽擊精妙品聚成妙高山。中品聚集成七金山。下品聚集成輪圍山。雜品聚集成四洲等。其妙高體。東銀南琉璃西玻𭹳珂北金所成。餘七唯金。四洲地等雜品所成。彼輪圍山唯鐵所成。其妙高量入水八萬緰繕那。比於餘山皆悉高妙。故曰妙高。然後次第七金山者。一踰乾陀羅。高四萬由旬。二伊沙陀羅。高二萬由旬。三佉得羅柯。高一萬由旬。四脩騰娑羅。高五千由旬。五阿輸割那。高二千五百由旬。六毘泥怛迦那。高千二百五十由旬。七尼民陀羅。高六百二十五由旬（藏論疏云。一持雙山。二持軸山。三檐木山。四善見山。五馬耳山。六象鼻山。七魚嘴山）四大洲外有輪圍山。高二百一十二由旬半。彼等廣量各各自與出水量同。七金山間諸龍王等游戲之處名曰戲海。八山間七海近妙高者。一踰乾陀羅海。廣八萬由旬。二伊沙陀羅海。廣四萬由旬。三佉得羅柯海。廣二萬由旬。四脩騰娑羅海。廣一萬由旬。五阿輸割那海。廣五千由旬。六毘泥怛迦那海。廣二千五百由旬。七尼民陀羅海。廣一千二百五十由旬。盈八功德水。八山七海其相咸方。外海味鹹。尼民陀羅至輪圍山。二山相去三洛叉二萬二千由旬。其外海水雖無有分。由妙高色。東海色白。南海色青。西海色紅。北海色黃。現是等色。故稱四海。是彼周邊三十六洛叉七百五十由旬。外輪圍山。周圍三十六洛叉二千六百二十五由旬。其外海南贍部洲者。狀如車廂。狹向鐵圍三由旬半。餘三邊者。各二千由旬。周圍六千三由旬半。有二中洲。東遮摩羅（此云猫牛）西婆羅摩羅（此云勝猫牛）贍部中央摩竭陀國。三世諸佛所生之處。次此向北度九黑山有大雪山。名具吉祥。其山北邊有香醉山。是二山間有大龍王。名曰無熱。所居之池曰阿耨達（此云無熱）其狀四方面各五十由旬。周圍二百由旬。池內遍滿八功德水。從此池內出四大河。東殑伽河。從象口中流出銀沙。共五百河流歸東海。南辛渡河。從牛口中流出琉璃沙。共五百河流歸南海。西縛芻河。從馬口中流出玻𭹳珂沙。共五百河流歸西海。北悉怛河。從師子口中流出金沙。共五百河流歸北海。是彼四河從無熱池右遶七匝隨方流轉。是香山北度二十由旬。彼處有岩名難陀。岩面各五十由旬。周圍二百由旬。高三由旬半。又有八千小岩。其岩北邊二十由旬有娑羅樹王。名曰善住。其根入地四十弓量。高八十弓量。七重行樹羅列圍繞。東邊度二十由旬有緩流池。其狀圓相。廣五十由旬。周圍一百五十由旬。又有八千小池。盈八功德水。內有蓮華。葉若牛皮。其莖如軸。花若車輪味美如蜜。是處又有帝釋臨戰。所乘象王名曰善住。與八千象寒四月時住金岩所。熱四月時住善住所。雨四月時住緩流池。無熱池側有贍部樹。果實味美其量如甕。熟時墮水出贍部音。龍化為魚吞噉是果。殘者遇流成贍部金。由此樹名故號贍部。此洲向西有烏佃國。大金剛宮持種所居。金剛乘法從彼而傳。南海之中山曰持舡。觀音菩薩居止其頂。聖多羅母居止山下。東有五峯。文殊菩薩居止其上。有十六大國千數小國。又有三百六千種人。七百二十種異音。其外海東洲曰勝身。狀若半月。對妙高邊三百五十由旬。餘邊六十由旬。周圍六千三百五十由旬。其洲二邊有二中洲。北提訶（此云身）南毘提訶（此云勝身）是彼三洲越餘洲等七多羅樹。或曰。洲人相貌端嚴其身勝故。名曰勝身。其外海北洲曰鳩婁。其狀四角。畟方相似。邊各二千由旬。周圍八千由旬。其洲二邊有二中洲。一名鳩婁（此云有勝）二高羅娑（此云有勝邊）彼洲人等所有受用出如意樹。臨沒七日。其如意樹出不美音。報曰。當七日死。或曰洲人卑舌即割食肉鬼音。故曰鳩婁。是不美音。其外海西洲曰牛貨。形如滿月。徑二千五百由旬。周圍七千五百由旬。有二中洲。南舍𢮎（此云具諂）北搵怛羅曼怛哩拏（此云儀上）彼洲人等多寶牛貨。故曰牛貨。洲海山等向下皆悉八萬由旬。近金地故近贍部洲。星割棘洲金洲月洲等者。係贍部洲。餘大洲等。小洲亦爾。次上空中四萬由旬。純淨無礙。勝堅風輪。從右而旋。日月星宿空居天等依止而住。 > The substance of which the receptacle world (bhājana-loka) is formed is produced together from the diverse great elements (mahābhūta). Thus earth is hard, water is moist, fire is warm, and wind is mobile. That which is most extremely subtle among these great elements is called an infinitesimal dust mote (paramāṇu-rajas); it is also named a mote neighboring the void (parama-sūkṣma-rajas), which cannot be further analyzed or split. Seven such motes neighboring the void make one infinitesimal dust mote (paramāṇu). Seven such infinitesimal dust motes make one fine dust mote (aṇu-rajas). Seven such fine dust motes make one dust mote that penetrates gold (loha-rajas). Seven such dust motes that penetrate gold make one dust mote that penetrates water (ap-rajas). Seven such dust motes that penetrate water make one hare-hair dust mote (śaśa-rajas). Seven such hare-hair dust motes make one sheep-hair dust mote (eḍaka-rajas). Seven such sheep-hair dust motes make one cow-hair dust mote (go-rajas). Seven such cow-hair dust motes make one dust mote drifting through a gap (vātāyana-cchidra-rajas). Seven such dust motes drifting through a gap make the measure of a nit (likṣā). Seven such nit measures make the measure of a louse (yūka). Seven such louse measures make the measure of a barley grain (yava). Seven such barley grain measures make one finger joint (aṅguli-parvan). Three joints make one finger-breadth (aṅguli). Twenty-four finger-breadths laid horizontally make one cubit (hasta). Four cubits make one bow-length (dhanu). The measure of five hundred bow-lengths forms one krośa. Eight krośas form one yojana. These are the measurements of the world's bodily form. > > The causes and conditions for the formation of the world are induced by the common karma of all sentient beings. How is it formed? From the expanse of space, winds arise from the ten directions and collide with one another; being firm, dense, and immovable, they form the sublime wind disc (vāyu-maṇḍala). Its color is blue-white, and it is exceedingly hard and solid. It is sixteen hundred thousand yojanas deep, and its breadth is immeasurable. Clouds born of heat are named 'Golden Treasury' (kāñcana-garbha); pouring down great rains that abide resting upon the wind, this is called the bottom ocean (jalamandala). It is eleven hundred thousand and twenty thousand yojanas deep, and twelve hundred thousand, three thousand four hundred and a half yojanas wide. By the churning and agitation of that water, gold congeals on the surface, just as a film forms on top when boiled milk comes to rest; this is the golden earth disc (kāñcana-maṇḍala). Hence the water disc decreases, becoming only eight hundred thousand \[yojanas\] thick; the remainder transforms into gold, three hundred thousand and twenty thousand yojanas thick. The width of the golden disc is equal to that of the water disc; its circumference is three times that, totaling thirty-six hundred thousand, one ten-thousand, three hundred and fifty yojanas. That preceding wind disc is the foundation of the Sahā world. The two discs of earth and water are the fruit-bearing foundation of the four continents. > > Upon the earth disc great rain pours down again, forming the great ocean. Churned and struck by the wind, the supreme and finest portions gather to form Mount Sublime Height (Meru); the middling portions gather to form the seven golden mountains; the inferior portions gather to form the Ring Mountains (Cakravāḍa); and the mixed portions gather to form the four continents and so forth. The substance of Mount Sublime Height is composed of silver on the east, lapis lazuli on the south, crystal on the west, and gold on the north. The remaining seven are composed solely of gold. The four continents and their lands are composed of mixed substances. That Ring Mountain is composed solely of iron. The measure of Mount Sublime Height extends eighty thousand yojanas into the water; compared to the other mountains, it is preeminently lofty and sublime, and is therefore called 'Sublime Height'. > > Next, in order, are the seven golden mountains: First, Yugandhara, forty thousand yojanas high. Second, Īṣādhara, twenty thousand yojanas high. Third, Khadiraka, ten thousand yojanas high. Fourth, Sudarśana, five thousand yojanas high. Fifth, Aśvakarṇa, two thousand five hundred yojanas high. Sixth, Vinataka, one thousand two hundred and fifty yojanas high. Seventh, Nimindhara, six hundred and twenty-five yojanas high. (The commentary on the Tibetan treatise says: 1. Bearing the Yoke; 2. Bearing the Axle; 3. Khadira Wood; 4. Fair to Behold; 5. Horse Ear; 6. Elephant Trunk; 7. Fish Mouth.) Outside the four great continents are the Ring Mountains, two hundred and twelve and a half yojanas high. Their respective breadths are each equal to the height to which they emerge from the water. > > Between the seven golden mountains are the sporting grounds of the various nāga kings, called the 'Play Oceans' (krīḍā-samudra). Among the seven inner seas between the eight mountains, the one closest to Mount Sublime Height is: first, the Yugandhara Sea, eighty thousand yojanas wide; second, the Īṣādhara Sea, forty thousand yojanas wide; third, the Khadiraka Sea, twenty thousand yojanas wide; fourth, the Sudarśana Sea, ten thousand yojanas wide; fifth, the Aśvakarṇa Sea, five thousand yojanas wide; sixth, the Vinataka Sea, two thousand five hundred yojanas wide; seventh, the Nimindhara Sea, one thousand two hundred and fifty yojanas wide. They are filled with water possessing the eight virtues. The shapes of the eight mountains and seven seas are all square. The outer ocean tastes salty. From Nimindhara to the Ring Mountains, the two mountains are separated by three hundred thousand and twenty-two thousand yojanas. Although the water of that outer ocean is not divided into parts, because of the colors of Mount Sublime Height, the eastern sea is white in color, the southern sea is blue, the western sea is red, and the northern sea is yellow; manifesting these colors, they are called the Four Seas. Its circumference is thirty-six hundred thousand, seven hundred and fifty yojanas. The outer Ring Mountain has a circumference of thirty-six hundred thousand, two thousand six hundred and twenty-five yojanas. > > The southern Jambudvīpa in that outer ocean is shaped like the box of a carriage. Narrow towards the Iron Ring Mountain by three and a half yojanas, its other three sides are each two thousand yojanas. Its circumference is six thousand and three and a half yojanas. It has two intermediate sub-continents: to the east, Cāmara (meaning 'yak'), and to the west, Avaracāmara (meaning 'superior yak'). In the center of Jambudvīpa is the kingdom of Magadha, the place where all Buddhas of the three periods of time are born. Next, going north from this, crossing nine black mountains, is the great snowy mountain named With Auspiciousness (Himavat). To the north of that mountain is the Fragrance-Intoxicating Mountain (Gandhamādana). Between these two mountains is a great nāga king named Anavatapta. The lake where he resides is called Anavatapta (meaning 'Free from Heat'). Its shape is square, each side measuring fifty yojanas, with a circumference of two hundred yojanas. The lake is filled with water possessing the eight virtues. From this lake issue four great rivers: the Gaṅgā in the east, which flows out of an elephant's mouth with silver sand, and together with five hundred rivers flows into the eastern sea; the Sindhu in the south, which flows out of a cow's mouth with lapis lazuli sand, and together with five hundred rivers flows into the southern sea; the Vakṣu in the west, which flows out of a horse's mouth with crystal sand, and together with five hundred rivers flows into the western sea; and the Sītā in the north, which flows out of a lion's mouth with gold sand, and together with five hundred rivers flows into the northern sea. These four rivers encircle Lake Anavatapta to the right seven times and flow according to their directions. > > Twenty yojanas north of that Fragrant Mountain is a crag named Nanda. Each side of the crag measures fifty yojanas, its circumference is two hundred yojanas, and its height is three and a half yojanas. There are also eight thousand smaller crags. Twenty yojanas north of that crag is the king of sāla trees named Well Abiding (Supratiṣṭhita). Its roots enter forty bow-lengths into the earth, and its height is eighty bow-lengths. Seven tiers of rowed trees encircle it. Crossing twenty yojanas to the east, there is a gently-flowing pool of circular shape, fifty yojanas wide and one hundred and fifty yojanas in circumference. There are also eight thousand smaller pools filled with water possessing the eight virtues. Inside there are lotus blossoms with leaves like ox-hide, stalks like axles, and flowers like chariot wheels, sweet as honey. In this place there is also the elephant king named Well Abiding, which Indra mounts when going to battle. Accompanied by eight thousand elephants, during the four cold months he abides at the Golden Crag; during the four hot months he abides at Well Abiding; and during the four rainy months he abides at the gently-flowing pool. > > Beside Lake Anavatapta there is a jambu tree; its fruit is delicious and sweet, its size like a jar. When ripe it falls into the water with the sound 'jambu'. A dragon transforms into a fish and devours this fruit. What remains meets the current and becomes Jambūnada gold. Named after this tree, \[the continent\] is therefore called Jambudvīpa. To the west of this continent is the country of Oḍḍiyāna, the residence of the lineage-holders of the Great Vajra Palace, from where the teachings of the Vajrayāna were transmitted. In the southern sea is the mountain called Potalaka; the Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara resides upon its peak, and the holy Mother Tārā resides at the foot of the mountain. In the east there are Five Peaks (Wutai Shan), upon which the Bodhisattva Mañjuśrī resides. There are sixteen great countries and thousands of small countries, as well as three hundred and six types of people with seven hundred and twenty different languages. > > The eastern continent in that outer ocean is called Pūrvavideha (Surpassing the Body). It is shaped like a half-moon. The side facing Mount Sublime Height is three hundred and fifty yojanas, and the other sides are sixty yojanas; its circumference is six thousand three hundred and fifty yojanas. On the two sides of that continent are two intermediate sub-continents: Deha to the north (meaning 'Body') and Videha to the south (meaning 'Surpassing the Body'). These three continents surpass the other continents by seven tāla trees. Or, it is said that because the appearance of the continent's people is dignified and upright, their bodies being superior, it is called 'Surpassing the Body'. > > The northern continent in that outer ocean is called Uttarakuru. Its shape is square with four equal corners, each side being two thousand yojanas, and its circumference is eight thousand yojanas. On the two sides of that continent are two intermediate sub-continents: one named Kuru (meaning 'Possessing Superiority') and the second Kaurava (meaning 'Having a Superior Border'). All the requisites enjoyed by the people of that continent come from wish-granting trees. Seven days before their death, the wish-granting trees emit an unpleasant sound, announcing: 'You shall die in seven days.' Or, it is said that the continent's people have degraded tongues, resembling the sound of flesh-eating piśāca demons, hence it is called Kuru, which is an unpleasant sound. > > The western continent in that outer ocean is called Aparagodānīya (Cow-Glory). Its shape is like a full moon, with a diameter of two thousand five hundred yojanas and a circumference of seven thousand five hundred yojanas. There are two intermediate sub-continents: Śāṭhā to the south (meaning 'Possessing Deceit') and Uttaramantriṇa to the north (meaning 'Superior Deportment'). The people of that continent possess many precious cows as currency, and hence it is called 'Cow-Glory'. > > The continents, seas, and mountains all extend eighty thousand yojanas downward, reaching down near the golden ground. Adjacent to Jambudvīpa are Siṃhaladvīpa, Suvarṇadvīpa, Candradvīpa, and others, which belong to Jambudvīpa; the minor sub-continents of the other great continents are likewise so. Above, in the sky forty thousand yojanas up, purely clear and unobstructed, is the superior, firm wind disc. Turning from left to right, the sun, moon, stars, constellations, and the heaven-dwellers of the sky abide relying upon it. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 1.183](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2036.1.183) - [Next: 1.185](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2036.1.185) - [Up: 1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2036.1) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2036~en-mt.1.184) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2036.1.184](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2036.1.184) · Pramāṇa