[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [釋氏稽古略](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2037) › 1.432 # 釋氏稽古略 1.432 釋氏稽古略 1.432 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [1.432](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2037.1.432) 諱邦字季沛。豐邑中陽里人。在秦為泗上亭長（兗州也）送徒役驪山。徒多道亡。邦縱其囚自匿于沛。秦二世元年。沛父老立季為沛公。蕭何曹參等收沛子弟得三千人以應之。秦二世三年十月。先入關至㶚上。秦子嬰降居。數日項羽屠咸陽。殺秦降王子嬰。燒秦宮室。秦民大失望。項羽陽尊楚懷王心為義帝。都郴（今桂陽邑。荊州之域）分天下王諸將。羽自立為西楚霸王。都彭城（河南府路徐州）。立沛公為漢王。都南鄭（今陝西興元路郡名漢中）。二分關中王。秦降將章邯等三人。以距塞漢路。漢王怒欲攻項羽。周勃灌嬰樊噌皆勸之。蕭何諫之。乃遂就國稱漢元年。以何為丞相。次拜韓信大將。引兵出襲雍。雍王章邯戰敗走。塞王欣翟（直格反）王翳皆降。以其地為渭南河上上郡。漢二年冬十月。項王密使九江王欒布等擊義帝殺之江中。漢王南渡平陰津至洛陽。新城三老董公遮說王曰。順德者昌。逆德者亡。兵出無名事故不成項羽無道放殺其主。大王宜率三軍之眾為之素服以告諸侯而伐之。於是漢王為義帝發喪以告諸侯。趙王陳餘遣兵助漢。項王雖聞漢東欲遂破齊而後擊漢。漢王以故得率諸侯兵凡五十六萬人伐楚。遂入彭城。項王聞之。自以精兵二萬人至彭城。大破漢軍圍漢王三匝會。大風折木發屋。窈冥晝晦。楚軍大亂壞散。漢王乃得與數十騎遁去審食其從太公（漢王父也）呂后間行求漢王。反遇楚軍。項王常置軍中為質。漢四年漢遣侯公說項王羽請太公。羽乃與漢約中分天下。割洪溝（今鄭州也）以西為漢。以東為楚。九月楚歸太公呂后。乃引兵而東歸。漢王欲西歸。張良陳平曰。漢有天下太半。楚兵食盡。此天亡之時也。今釋弗擊。所謂養虎自遺患也。漢王從之。五年冬十月。漢王追項王至固陵（今汴梁路汝寧府光州固始地）十二月。項王至垓（音該沛郡）下夜聞漢軍四面皆楚歌。遂潰圍南出馳至烏江（今淮西和州地）。烏江亭長艤船待項王笑曰。天之亡我。我何渡焉。且籍與江東子弟八千人渡江而西。今無一人還縱江東父兄憐而王我。我何面目見之。縱彼不言。籍獨不愧於心乎。乃自刎而死。漢王即皇帝位于氾（敷劍反）水之陽（今濟漢界）。更王后曰皇后。太子曰皇太子。六年夏尊大公為太上皇。天下既定。命蕭何次律令。韓信申軍法。張蒼定章程（章者歷數之章術。程者權衡丈尺斛斗也。歷家至朔同日謂之章。十九年七閏為一章也。程如稱石程書謂律度量衡之則也。文中子孝宣以章程練名實。謂法令成章之品式爾）叔孫通制禮儀。陸賈造新語。封功臣為列侯。剖符作誓。丹書鐵契金匱石室藏之宗廟。誓曰。使黃河如帶泰山若礪。國以永存。爰及苗裔。帝在位十二年。五十三歲崩。 > Personal name Bang, courtesy name Ji. A man of Zhongyang Village, Feng Town, Pei. Under Qin he served as Chief of Sishang Ting (in Yan Prefecture). While escorting conscripts to Mount Li, many conscripts fled along the way. Bang released his prisoners and hid himself in Pei. In the first year of Qin's Second Emperor, the elders of Pei established Ji as Duke of Pei. Xiao He, Cao Shen, and others gathered three thousand sons and brothers of Pei to respond to him. In the tenth month of the third year of the Second Emperor of Qin, he was the first to enter the Pass and arrive at Ba River. Ziying of Qin surrendered and dwelt \[there\]. Several days later, Xiang Yu slaughtered Xianyang, killed the surrendered King of Qin Ziying, and burned the Qin palaces; the people of Qin were greatly disillusioned. Xiang Yu feigned reverence for Xin, King Huai of Chu, as the Righteous Emperor, making Chen (now Guiyang Town, in Jing Prefecture) his capital, and partitioned the realm, enfeoffing the various generals as kings. Yu established himself as the Hegemon-King of Western Chu, with his capital at Pengcheng (Xuzhou of Henanfu Route). He established the Duke of Pei as King of Han, with his capital at Nanzheng (now Xingyuan Route in Shaanxi, named Hanzhong Commandery). He partitioned Guanzhong among three surrendered generals of Qin, including Zhang Han, to block the route to Han. The King of Han was enraged and wished to attack Xiang Yu. Zhou Bo, Guan Ying, and Fan Kuai all urged him \[to fight\], but Xiao He remonstrated with him. He thereupon went to his kingdom, styled it the first year of Han, and appointed He as Chancellor. Next, he appointed Han Xin as Commander-in-Chief. Han Xin led troops out to make a surprise attack on Yong; Zhang Han, King of Yong, was defeated in battle and fled. Sima Xin, King of Sai, and Dong Yi, King of Di (pronounced zhi-ge), both surrendered. Their lands were made into Weinan, Heshang, and Shang Commandery. In the tenth month of winter in the second year of Han, King Xiang secretly sent Luan Bu, King of Jiujiang, and others to strike the Righteous Emperor and kill him in the river. The King of Han crossed the Pingyin Ford southward to Luoyang. Dong Gong, a venerable elder of Xincheng, intercepted the King and persuaded him, saying, 'Those who conform to virtue flourish; those who oppose virtue perish. If an army sets out without a just cause, its undertakings will not succeed. Xiang Yu is unprincipled; he banished and murdered his sovereign. Your Majesty should lead the troops of the Three Armies, wear plain garments for him, announce this to the feudal lords, and attack him.' Thereupon the King of Han declared mourning for the Righteous Emperor and announced it to the feudal lords. Chen Yu, King of Zhao, dispatched troops to aid Han. Although King Xiang heard that Han was marching east, he wished to first crush Qi before attacking Han. The King of Han was thus able to lead a total of five hundred and sixty thousand troops of the feudal lords to attack Chu, and thereupon entered Pengcheng. King Xiang, hearing of this, personally led twenty thousand elite troops to Pengcheng, routed the Han army, and surrounded the King of Han three times over. It happened that a great wind snapped trees and tore off roofs, plunging the day into pitch darkness. The Chu army fell into great confusion and collapsed, and the King of Han was able to escape with several tens of horsemen. Shen Yiji accompanied the Grand Duke (the King of Han's father) and Empress Lü along hidden paths in search of the King of Han, but ran into the Chu army instead. King Xiang kept them in his army as hostages. In the fourth year of Han, Han sent Lord Hou to persuade King Xiang Yu to request the return of the Grand Duke. Yu then made a covenant with Han to divide the realm in half, ceding the territory west of Honggou (present-day Zhengzhou) to Han and that east of it to Chu. In the ninth month, Chu returned the Grand Duke and Empress Lü, and then led his army east to return. The King of Han wished to return west. Zhang Liang and Chen Ping said, 'Han holds more than half of the realm, and Chu's troops and rations are exhausted; this is the time when Heaven brings about his destruction. If we release him now without attacking, it is what is called nurturing a tiger and leaving behind calamity for oneself.' The King of Han complied. In the tenth month of winter in the fifth year, the King of Han pursued King Xiang to Guling (the land of Gushi in Guang Prefecture, Runing Route, present-day Bianliang Route). In the twelfth month, King Xiang arrived at Gaixia (pronounced gai; in Pei Commandery). At night, hearing songs of Chu from all four directions of the Han army, he broke through the siege, rode south, and galloped to Wujiang (in He Prefecture, present-day Huaiwest). The Ting Chief of Wujiang moored his boat, waiting. King Xiang laughed and said, 'Heaven is destroying me; why should I cross? Moreover, with eight thousand sons and brothers of Jiangdong, Ji crossed the river and went west; now not a single man returns. Even if the elders of Jiangdong take pity and make me king, with what face could I see them? Even if they say nothing, would Ji alone not feel ashamed in his heart?' He then slit his own throat and died. The King of Han ascended the imperial throne on the north bank of the Fan River (pronounced fu-jian; the boundary between present-day Jizhou and Hanzhong). He renamed the Queen as Empress, and the Crown Prince as Imperial Crown Prince. In the summer of the sixth year, he honored the Grand Duke as Grand Emperor. After the realm was pacified, he ordered Xiao He to arrange the laws and ordinances, Han Xin to proclaim the military codes, Zhang Cang to fix the calendars and standards (zhang refers to the calendrical calculation methods of epochs; cheng refers to weights, measures, feet, and pecks. In calendrical calculation, when the winter solstice and new moon fall on the same day it is called a zhang; nineteen years with seven intercalary months make one zhang. Cheng, like the weighing of a stone in verifying documents, refers to the standards of measures and weights. Wenzhongzi said that Emperor Xuan used standards to refine designations and realities, referring to the formal classifications of laws and regulations), Shusun Tong to establish rites and ceremonies, and Lu Jia to compose the Xinyu. He enfeoffed meritorious ministers as marquises, splitting tallies and taking oaths, inscribed in red on iron tallies and kept in golden caskets and stone chambers within the ancestral temple. The oath said, 'Though the Yellow River may become like a sash and Mount Tai like a whetstone, the state shall endure forever, extending to your descendants.' The Emperor was on the throne for twelve years and died at the age of fifty-three. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 1.431](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2037.1.431) - [Next: 1.433](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2037.1.433) - [Up: 1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2037.1) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2037~en-mt.1.432) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2037.1.432](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2037.1.432) · Pramāṇa