[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [釋氏稽古略](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2037) › 2.18 # 釋氏稽古略 2.18 釋氏稽古略 2.18 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [2.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2037.2.18) 漢劉淵。字元海。新興匈奴人。漢以宗女妻冐頓。故子孫冐姓劉氏。西晉惠帝甲子永興元年立成都王司馬頴為皇太弟。頴表匈奴左賢王劉淵為冠軍將軍。監五部軍事。將兵在鄴（今彰德路郡名鄴郡冀域）淵子聰驍勇絕人。博涉經史。善屬文。彎弓三百斤。弱冠遊京師。名士莫不與交。頴以聰為積弩將軍。淵從祖右賢王劉宣。謂其族人曰。自漢亡以來。我單于徒有虛號無復尺土。今吾眾雖衰猶不減二萬。奈何斂手受役奄過百年。左賢王英武超世。天苟不與興匈奴。必不虛生此人也。今司馬氏骨肉相殘。四海鼎沸。復呼韓邪之業此其時也。乃相與謀推淵為大單于。使其黨呼延攸詣鄴告淵。淵白頴請歸會葬。頴弗許。及王浚東嬴公騰討頴。淵說頴曰。請為殿下還說五部以赴國難。頴悅拜淵為北單于參丞相軍事。淵至左國城。劉宣等上大單于號。二旬之間有眾五萬淵。都左國城。謂群臣曰。昔漢有天下恩結於民。吾漢氏之甥。乃建國號曰漢。即漢王位。年曰元熙。以右賢王宣為丞相。晉懷帝永嘉二年。漢王淵取山西。平陽（今晉寧路古晉州也）太守宋抽棄郡走淵。徙都平陽蒲子上郡即皇帝位。改元永鳳。晉永嘉四年七月淵寢疾。以楚王聰為大司馬大單于。安昌王盛．安邑王欽．西陽王濬．皆領武衛將軍。分典禁兵。淵卒。太子和即皇帝位。西昌王銳恥不預顧命。乃相與謀說和曰。先帝不惟輕重之勢。使三王擁強兵於內。大司馬擁十萬眾屯於新郊。陛下宜早為之計。和召盛告之。盛曰。陛下信讒夫之言以疑兄弟。銳怒命左右刃之。帥兵攻楚王聰于單于臺（今西京路即大同路也。郡名雲中。漢高困白登是也。冀域）聰反攻西明門克之。殺和於光極西堂。收銳梟首於衢。聰即皇帝位。改元光興。以北海王乂為皇太弟。封其子粲為河內王。以石勒為并州刺史（太原也。今改冀寧路）辛未漢嘉平元年。聰遣前軍大將軍呼延晏始安王劉曜王彌石勒。攻洛陽克宣陽門。晉懷帝出欲奔長安。漢兵追執之。遷帝及六璽於平陽。聰以帝為特進左光錄大夫。封平阿公。壬申聰之嘉平二年。封懷帝為會稽郡公。次年二月懷帝遇害。四月懷帝凶問至長安。晉愍帝即位。改元建興。建興四年九月漢大司馬劉曜攻長安。十一月晉帝曰當忍恥出降以活士民。曜送晉帝至平陽。漢主聰以晉帝為光祿大夫。封懷安侯。丁丑年十二月愍帝遇害。戊寅年漢主聰卒。太子粲即位。為靳封所殺。丞相劉曜即皇帝位。年曰光初。還都長安。改國號曰趙。以單于為祖。石勒進爵為趙王。至是東晉成帝咸和三年趙主曜圍守洛陽。十一月石勒引兵救洛陽。戰擒趙王曜。載以馬輿至襄國殺之。己丑年正月趙太子熙聞曜被擒。遂帥百官走上邽（音圭郟西鞏昌路古邽戍地也）關中大亂。將軍蔣英辛恕據長安。遣使降於石勒。九月後趙中山公石虎大破趙兵於義渠。乘勝追擊執趙太子劉熙及其將王公卿校以下三千餘人皆殺之。秦隴悉平。漢趙劉氏。起自晉惠帝大興甲子。終成帝咸和己丑。二十六年。 > Han-Zhao > Liu Yuan of the Han had the courtesy name Yuanhai. He was a Xiongnu from Xinxing. Because the Han dynasty had given a princess of the imperial house in marriage to Modun, his descendants took the surname Liu. In the jiazi year, the first year of Yongxing under Emperor Hui of the Western Jin, Prince of Chengdu Sima Ying was made Crown Brother. Ying submitted a memorial appointing the Xiongnu Wise King of the Left, Liu Yuan, as Champion General, overseeing the military affairs of the Five Divisions, and commanding troops stationed in Ye (now Zhangde Route; the commandery name is Ye Commandery, in the territory of Ji). Yuan's son Cong was exceptionally brave and fierce, broadly versed in the classics and histories, skilled in composition, and able to draw a bow of three hundred catties. In his youth he visited the capital, where none of the famous scholars failed to associate with him. Ying made Cong General of the Massed Crossbows. Yuan's great-uncle, the Wise King of the Right Liu Xuan, said to his kinsmen: "Since the fall of the Han, our Chanyu has possessed only an empty title, without a single foot of land remaining. Although our forces have declined today, they are still no fewer than twenty thousand. Why fold our hands and submit to servitude for over a hundred years? The Wise King of the Left possesses heroic martial prowess surpassing all ages. If Heaven did not intend to raise up the Xiongnu, it certainly would not have brought forth such a man in vain. Now the Sima clan are slaughtering their own flesh and blood, and all within the four seas is seething like a cauldron. This is the moment to restore the achievements of Huhanye!" Thereupon they plotted together to elevate Yuan as the Grand Chanyu, sending his partisan Huyan You to Ye to inform Yuan. Yuan reported to Ying, asking permission to return for a funeral, but Ying refused. When Wang Jun and Duke Teng of Dongying campaigned against Ying, Yuan persuaded Ying, saying: "Pray let me return to persuade the Five Divisions on behalf of Your Highness to rush to the aid of the state in its crisis." Ying was pleased and appointed Yuan as Northern Chanyu, concurrently participating in the Chancellor's military affairs. When Yuan reached Zuoguocheng, Liu Xuan and others presented him with the title of Grand Chanyu. Within two decades of days, he had an army of fifty thousand. Yuan made Zuoguocheng his capital and addressed his ministers, saying: "In the past, the Han held all under Heaven, and its grace was bound to the people. I am a nephew of the Han clan." He thereupon established the dynastic name Han and assumed the throne as King of Han, naming the era Yuanxi, appointing the Wise King of the Right Xuan as Chancellor. In the second year of Yongjia under Emperor Huai of Jin, King Yuan of Han took Shanxi. Song Chou, the governor of Pingyang (now Jinning Route, the ancient Jin Prefecture), abandoned the commandery and fled. Yuan moved his capital to Puzi and Shang Commandery in Pingyang and ascended the imperial throne, changing the reign era to Yongfeng. In the seventh month of the fourth year of Yongjia of the Jin, Yuan took to his bed with illness. He appointed Prince of Chu Cong as Grand Marshal and Grand Chanyu; Prince of Anchang Sheng, Prince of An'yi Qin, and Prince of Xiyang Jun were all appointed Generals of the Martial Guard, dividing command of the imperial guards. Yuan died, and Crown Prince He ascended the imperial throne. Rui, Prince of Xichang, felt disgraced at not being included in the posthumous edict; he plotted together with others and persuaded He, saying: "The late Emperor did not consider the balance of power, allowing the three princes to command strong armies within, while the Grand Marshal commands a host of one hundred thousand encamped in the new suburbs. Your Majesty should devise a plan against them early." He summoned Sheng and informed him of this. Sheng said: "Your Majesty believes the words of slanderers and suspects your brothers." Rui was enraged and ordered his attendants to put Sheng to the sword. He then led troops to attack Cong, the Prince of Chu, at the Chanyu Terrace (now Xijing Route, namely Datong Route; the commandery name is Yunzhong, where Emperor Gao of Han was besieged at Baideng; in the territory of Ji). Cong counterattacked at the Ximing Gate, conquered it, killed He in the Western Hall of Guangji, and captured Rui, exposing his severed head in the thoroughfare. Cong ascended the imperial throne, changing the reign era to Guangxing. He made Prince of Beihai Ai the Crown Brother, enfeoffed his son Can as Prince of Henan, and appointed Shi Le as Inspector of Bing Prefecture (Taiyuan; now changed to Jining Route). In the xinwei year, the first year of Jiaping of the Han, Cong sent Grand General of the Vanguard Huyan Yan, Prince of Shi'an Liu Yao, Wang Mi, and Shi Le to attack Luoyang; they took the Xuanyang Gate. Emperor Huai of Jin came forth intending to flee to Chang'an, but the Han soldiers pursued and captured him, moving the emperor and the six imperial seals to Pingyang. Cong appointed the emperor as Specially Advanced Left Guanglu Grandee and enfeoffed him as Duke of Ping'a. In the renshen year, the second year of Jiaping of Cong, he enfeoffed Emperor Huai as Duke of Kuaiji Commandery. In the second month of the following year, Emperor Huai was murdered. In the fourth month, the mournful news of Emperor Huai reached Chang'an, and Emperor Min of Jin ascended the throne, changing the reign era to Jianxing. In the ninth month of the fourth year of Jianxing, Han's Grand Marshal Liu Yao attacked Chang'an. In the eleventh month, the Jin emperor said that he must bear the humiliation and surrender in order to spare the lives of the soldiers and people. Yao sent the Jin emperor to Pingyang. Han ruler Cong appointed the Jin emperor as Guanglu Grandee and enfeoffed him as Marquis of Huai'an. In the twelfth month of the dingchou year, Emperor Min was murdered. In the wuyin year, Han ruler Cong died. Crown Prince Can ascended the throne and was killed by Jin Feng. Chancellor Liu Yao ascended the imperial throne; the era was named Guangchu. He moved the capital back to Chang'an and changed the dynastic name to Zhao, taking the Chanyu as his ancestor. Shi Le was promoted in noble rank to Prince of Zhao. By the third year of Xianhe under Emperor Cheng of the Eastern Jin, Yao, the ruler of Zhao, besieged Luoyang. In the eleventh month, Shi Le led troops to relieve Luoyang, and in the battle he captured Yao, the King of Zhao, carried him in a horse cart to Xiangguo, and killed him. In the first month of the jichou year, Zhao's Crown Prince Xi heard that Yao had been captured and led the hundred officials to flee to Shanggui (pronounced gui; Jiaxi Gongchang Route, the ancient Gui garrison post). Guanzhong was in great turmoil. Generals Jiang Ying and Xin Shu held Chang'an and sent an envoy to surrender to Shi Le. In the ninth month, Duke of Zhongshan Shi Hu of Later Zhao heavily defeated the Zhao troops at Yiqu; pursuing the victory, he captured Zhao Crown Prince Liu Xi and more than three thousand of his generals, princes, ministers, and officers, putting them all to death. Qin and Long were completely pacified. The Liu clan of Han-Zhao arose from the jiazi year of Daxing under Emperor Hui of Jin and ended in the jichou year of Xianhe under Emperor Cheng, lasting twenty-six years. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 2.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2037.2.17) - [Next: 2.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2037.2.19) - [Up: 2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2037.2) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2037~en-mt.2.18) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2037.2.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2037.2.18) · Pramāṇa