[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [釋氏稽古略](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2037) › 4.271 # 釋氏稽古略 4.271 釋氏稽古略 4.271 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [4.271](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2037.4.271) 女真　金也。世本新羅人。號完顏氏。完顏猶漢言王也。世為酋長。服屬大遼二百年。世襲節度使。至龕福下四世。妻女真女生二子。長曰胡來。胡來生三子。長曰核里。次曰蒲刺束。季曰楊割。楊割生三子。長曰阿骨打。次曰吳乞馬。季曰思改。思改生粘罕。女真至楊割太師始雄諸部。丙子歲蕭解里嘯聚。遼捕之。遂投生女真界（見壽昌乙亥下）。遼命楊割圖之。楊割但斬解里。遣長子阿骨打獻首級於遼。自此楊割內恃有功。陰懷異志。楊割死。阿骨打之年。會遼主天祚掊剝是嗜。上下荒淫。其相李儼蕭奉先輩庸瑣貪婪。阿骨打承其父楊割富庶之餘。兵強馬壯力有異圖。先是女真之地東北隣於五國。五國之東接大海。出名鷹。自海東來者謂之海東青。小而俊健能擒鵝鶩。爪曰者尤以為異。遼人酷愛之。天祚嗣位責貢尤苛。逼其國人窮取以獻。女真至五國戰鬪而後得。女真苦之。且沿邊諸帥邀求賂遺無虛日不勝其擾。諸部怨叛於遼。潛結阿骨打舉兵謀亂。至是甲午年秋八月。阿骨打始叛。用粘罕胡捨為謀主。銀木割移烈婁宿闍母等為將帥。甲馬二千犯混同江之東寧江府。天祚遣兵禦之。皆敗遂失寧江州。阿骨打將兵轉戰而前。乙未年秋八月。遼主天祚下詔親征女真。路出長春。軍中一夕戈甲有光。遼相張琳曰。唐莊宗攻梁。矛戟夜有光。郭崇韜曰。火出兵入破賊之兆。天祚喜而信之。十一月進戰兵潰。天祚一日一夜走五百里。退保長春。女真乘勝。遂併渤海遼陽等五十四州（遼志）　長白山混同江。俱今遼陽開元路咸平府。 > The Jurchens are the Jin. Their lineage was originally from Silla, bearing the clan name Wanyan. "Wanyan" is equivalent to the Chinese "Wang" (King). For generations they were tribal chieftains, subjugated to the Great Liao for two hundred years, holding hereditary military commissionerships. Coming down four generations from Kanfu, he married a Jurchen woman who bore two sons, the elder named Hulai. Hulai had three sons: the eldest was Helibo, the next was Polashu, and the youngest was Yangge. Yangge had three sons: the eldest was Aguda, the next was Wuqimai, and the youngest was Sigai. Sigai fathered Nianhan. Not until Grand Preceptor Yangge did the Jurchens become powerful over the various tribes. In the bingzi year, Xiao Jieli gathered a band of outlaws; when the Liao pursued him, he fled to the territory of the Jurchens (seen below under the yihai year of Shouchang). The Liao ordered Yangge to deal with him. Yangge merely beheaded Jieli and sent his eldest son Aguda to present the head to the Liao. From this time on, Yangge internally relied on this merit and secretly harboured treacherous ambitions. When Yangge died, it was the time of Aguda. It happened that the Liao sovereign Tianzuo was fond of extortion, and superiors and inferiors alike were profligate. His ministers Li Yan and Xiao Fengxian were mediocre, petty, and rapacious. Aguda, inheriting the residual wealth and abundance of his father Yangge, with strong troops and sturdy horses, possessed the strength to harbour ambitions of revolt. Prior to this, the Jurchen territory bordered the Five Nations to the northeast, and the east of the Five Nations bordered the great sea, which produced renowned falcons; those that came from east of the sea were called haidongqing (Gyrfalcons). Small and nimble, they could capture geese and wild ducks, and those with white claws were considered especially extraordinary. The Liao people loved them passionately. When Tianzuo ascended the throne, he demanded tributes even more harshly, forcing the people of that country to go to extremes to capture and present them. The Jurchens had to battle with the Five Nations before obtaining them, which caused the Jurchens great suffering. Furthermore, the commanders along the borders extorted bribes without a single day of rest, causing unbearable distress. The various tribes resented and rebelled against the Liao, secretly allying with Aguda to raise troops and plot rebellion. Arriving at this jiawu year, in the autumn, the eighth month, Aguda began his rebellion. He employed Nianhan and Hushe as chief strategists, and Yinmugu, Yilie, Lousu, Shemu, and others as generals. With two thousand armoured cavalry, they invaded Ningjiang Prefecture to the east of the Hundong River. Tianzuo dispatched troops to resist them, but they were all defeated, and Ningjiang Prefecture was lost. Aguda led his troops forward, fighting from place to place. In the yiwei year, in the autumn, the eighth month, the Liao sovereign Tianzuo issued an edict to personally campaign against the Jurchens, taking the route through Changchun. One night, a glow appeared upon the weapons and armour in the army. The Liao minister Zhang Lin said: "When Emperor Zhuangzong of the Tang attacked Liang, the spears and halberds shone at night; Guo Chongtao said this was an omen of fire emerging and troops entering to crush the enemy." Tianzuo was delighted and believed him. In the eleventh month, they advanced to battle and their troops collapsed. Tianzuo fled five hundred li in a single day and night, retreating to defend Changchun. Taking advantage of their victory, the Jurchens annexed fifty-four prefectures including Bohai and Liaoyang. (Liao zhi). Mount Changbai and the Hundong River are both in present-day Xianping Prefecture, Kaiyuan Circuit, Liaoyang. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 4.270](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2037.4.270) - [Next: 4.272](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2037.4.272) - [Up: 4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2037.4) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2037~en-mt.4.271) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2037.4.271](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2037.4.271) · Pramāṇa