大唐西域記 3.32-33

3.32

僧訶補羅國，周三千五六百里，西臨信度河。國大都城周十四五里，依山據嶺，堅峻險固。農務少功，地利多獲。氣序寒，人性猛，俗尚驍勇，又多譎詐。國無君長主位，役屬迦濕彌羅國。

The kingdom of Sang-ho-pu-lo is about 3500 or 3600 li in circuit. On the west it borders on the river Sin-tu. The capital is about 14 or 15 li in circuit; it borders on the mountains. The crags and precipices which surround it cause it to be naturally strong. The ground is not highly cultivated, but the produce is abundant. The climate is cold, the people are fierce and value highly the quality of courage; moreover, they are much given to deceit. The country has no king or rulers, but is in dependence on Kaśmîr. Not far to the south of the capital is a stûpa built by Aśôka-râja. The decorations are much injured : spiritual wonders are continually connected with it. By its side is a sanghārāma, which is deserted and without priests.

3.33

城南不遠有窣堵波，無憂王之所建也。莊飾有虧，靈異相繼。傍有伽藍，空無僧侶。城東南四五十里至石窣堵波，無憂王建也，高二百餘尺。池沼十數，映帶左右，雕石為岸，殊形異類。激水清流，汩淴漂注，龍魚水族，窟穴潛泳，四色蓮華，彌漫清潭。百果具繁，同榮異色，林沼交映，誠可遊玩。傍有伽藍，久絕僧侶。

To the south-east of the city 40 or 50 li is a stone stūpa which was built by Aśōka-rāja ; it is 200 feet or so in height. There are ten tanks, which are secretly connected together, and on the right and left (of the walks joining them) are covered stones (balustrades) in different shapes and of strange character. The water of the tanks is clear, and the ripples are sometimes noisy and tumultuous. Dragons and various fishes live in the clefts and caverns bordering on the tanks or hide themselves in the waters. Lotus flowers of the four colours cover the surface of the limpid water. A hundred kind of fruits surround them, and glisten with different shades. The trees are reflected deep down in the water, and altogether it is a lovely spot for wandering forth.

By the side there is a sanghārāma, which for a long time has been without priests. By the side of the stūpa, and not far off, is the spot where the original teacher of the white-robed heretics arrived at the knowledge of the principles he sought, and first preached the law. There is an inscription placed there to that effect. By the side of this spot is a temple of the Dēvas. The persons who frequent it subject themselves to austerities ; day and night they use constant diligence without relaxation. The laws of their founder are mostly filched from the principles of the books of Buddha. These men are of different classes, and select their rules and frame their precepts accordingly. The great ones are called Bhikshus; the younger are called Sramaneras. In their ceremonies and modes of life they greatly resemble the priests (of Buddha), only they have a little twist of hair on their heads, and they go naked. Moreover, what clothes they chance to wear are white. Such are the slight differences which distinguish them from others. The figure of their sacred master they stealthily class with that of Tathagata; it differs only in point of clothing; the points of beauty are absolutely the same.