[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [弘明集](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2102) › 13.8 # 弘明集 13.8 弘明集 13.8 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [13.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2102.13.8) 或云口說。不善之事令人承以為罪。亦為惡口。凡此十事皆不得暫起心念。是為十善。亦謂十戒。五戒檢形十善防心。事有疎密。故報有輕重。凡在有方之境。總謂三界。三界之內。凡有五道。一曰天。二曰人。三曰畜生。四曰餓鬼。五曰地獄。全五戒則人相備。具十善則生天堂。全一戒者則亦得為人。人有高卑。或壽夭不同。皆由戒有多少。反十善者謂之十惡。十惡畢犯則入地獄。抵揬強梁不受忠諫。及毒心內盛殉私欺殆。則或墮畜生。或生蛇虺。慳貪專利常苦不足。則墮餓鬼。其罪若轉少而多陰。私情不公亮。皆墮鬼神。雖受微福不免苦痛。此謂三塗。亦謂三惡道。 > Some also say that verbally speaking of unwholesome matters so as to cause others to adopt them as a fault also constitutes harsh speech. Regarding all these ten things, one must not allow a thought \[of them\] to arise even for an instant. These are the ten good deeds, also called the ten precepts. The five precepts restrain the physical form; the ten good deeds guard the mind. Because their application differs in coarseness and subtlety, the retribution differs in lightness and gravity. Wherever there is a realm with spatial boundaries, it is collectively called the three realms. Within the three realms, there are altogether five destinies: the first is devas; the second is humans; the third is animals; the fourth is hungry ghosts; the fifth is hell. One who preserves the five precepts completely possesses the human form; one who is fully equipped with the ten good deeds is born in the heavenly halls. One who preserves a single precept may also attain rebirth as a human. That there are high and low among humans, or differences in longevity and early death, is entirely due to having more or fewer precepts. The opposite of the ten good deeds is called the ten unwholesome deeds. If all ten unwholesome deeds are committed, one enters the hells. Those who are stubborn, contentious, and violent, refusing to accept loyal admonition, and those whose poisonous minds flourish within, sacrificing all for selfish ends while deceiving and endangering others, will either fall into the animal realm or be reborn as snakes and vipers. Those who are stingy, greedy, exclusively focused on profit, and constantly tormented by feeling unsatisfied, will fall among the hungry ghosts. If their offenses are relatively fewer but they harbor much secret selfishness and are not fair and upright, they will all fall among ghosts and spirits; although they receive minor blessings, they cannot avoid pain and suffering. These are called the three pathways, and are also called the three evil destinies. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 13.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2102.13.7) - [Next: 13.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2102.13.9) - [Up: 13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2102.13) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2102~en-mt.13.8) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2102.13.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2102.13.8) · Pramāṇa