[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [廣弘明集](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2103) › 12.22 # 廣弘明集 12.22 廣弘明集 12.22 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [12.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2103.12.22) 概聞稟和合之氣。成虛假之身。外命所須。藉衣食以資養。內報所恃。依形神以存立。形神不可孤立。藉衣食以資之。衣食不可過費。行廉恥以節之。故遺教經云。比丘受食趣得支身。又言。著壞色衣以捨飾好。斯為明訓。孰不遵行。但如來制戒對根不同。人有上下制有寬急。上則制之以急。使其頓修。下則授之以寬。令其漸進。上制急者日唯一食。食止菜蔬身止三衣。衣唯糞掃。下制寬者食許兩時。味通蘇乳衣開十長。服許繒綿。或有老病之僧身兼凍餧。沈痾之士體困飢寒。須給其衣裘資其藥石。此則上根不假眾具自爾證真。下輩要藉資緣方得悟道。欲令一准。其可得乎。若節僧尼衣布省齋濟貧活璽者。計僧尼一齋止飡一鉢一著唯衣數縑。而言損田夫十口殺蠶十萬者。計道士一醮酒脯百盤一年命綾千匹。應損千軍之食。殺萬億之蠶。而奕知道士損多佯癡不計。僧尼費少子細偏論。此全黨言君子弗聽。如概愚見。宜斷道士醮祭及以命綾。此則有益於國家。不損於民物。若縱而不禁。損國害民。 > I have heard that by receiving the harmonious combination of breaths, this false and illusory body is formed. What external life requires relies on food and clothing for nourishment; what internal retribution depends upon relies on physical form and spirit to be established. Form and spirit cannot stand alone, but rely on food and clothing to sustain them; food and clothing must not be excessively wasted, but regulated through a sense of integrity and shame. Therefore, the Sutra of the Buddha's Bequeathed Teaching says: 'A monk receives food merely to support the body.' It also says: 'Wear dyed robes of ruined colors in order to abandon adornment and finery.' These are luminous instructions; who would not comply with them? However, the Tathāgata established precepts according to different capacities. People have higher and lower faculties, and regulations have strictness and leniency. For the superior, he regulated with strictness, causing them to cultivate suddenly; for the inferior, he conferred with leniency, allowing them to advance gradually. For those with strict regulations for the superior, they take only one meal a day, the meal is limited to vegetables, the body is limited to three robes, and the robes are made only of discarded rags. For those with lenient regulations for the lower, food is permitted at two times, flavors may include ghee and milk, robes may be of ten extra lengths, and silk and cotton are allowed to be worn. Or there are old and sick monks whose bodies endure both freezing and starvation, or men with chronic illnesses whose physiques are distressed by hunger and cold; they must be provided with clothing and furs, and sustained with medicines and stone broths. Thus those of superior capacity do not rely on manifold requisites and naturally realize the truth; those of lower rank must depend on material conditions before they can awaken to the Way. To wish to impose a single standard—how could that be possible? If one restricts the monks and nuns to wearing coarse cloth and reduces vegetarian feasts to relieve the poor and keep them alive, one should calculate that for a single vegetarian feast, a monk or nun consumes merely a single bowl, and for one outfit, wears merely a few bolts of silk. Yet Fu Yi claims this harms ten members of a farming household and slaughters one hundred thousand silkworms. Consider that for a single Daoist jiao offering, there are a hundred trays of wine and dried meat, and each year a thousand bolts of patterned damask are commissioned; this must consume the food of a thousand soldiers and kill tens of billions of silkworms! Yet Yi knows that Daoists cause great damage and feigns ignorance without calculating it, while monks and nuns incur little expense, yet he analyzes them in fine detail with partiality. This is entirely partisan talk, which an exemplary person does not heed. In my humble view, one should ban Daoist jiao sacrifices and their commissioned damask; this will benefit the state without harming the people and creatures. If one is indulgent and does not prohibit them, it harms the state and injures the people. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 12.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2103.12.21) - [Next: 12.23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2103.12.23) - [Up: 12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2103.12) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2103~en-mt.12.22) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2103.12.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2103.12.22) · Pramāṇa