[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [辯正論](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2110) › 1.9 # 辯正論 1.9 辯正論 1.9 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [1.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2110.1.9) 公子曰。前漢藝文志云。全身保國凡有九流。一曰儒流。謂順陰陽陳教化。述唐虞之政。宗仲尼之道也。二曰道流。謂守弱自卑。陳堯舜揖讓之德。明南面為政之術。奉易之謙謙也。三曰陰陽流。謂順天歷象敬授民時也。四曰法流。謂明賞勅法以助禮制也。五曰名流。謂正名列位言順事成也。六曰墨流。謂清廟宗祀養老施惠也。七曰縱橫流。謂受命使乎專對權事也。八曰雜流。謂兼儒墨之銓。含名法之訓。知國大體事無不貫也。九曰農流。謂勸勵耕桑備陳食貨也。遵其道可以安庶品。行其事可以利國家。為政備矣。於民足矣。縱先生通方之說。右學盡善之詞。恐類風牛不相及也。 > The young gentleman said: “The ‘Bibliographical Treatise’ of the Book of the Former Han states that there are nine philosophical schools that preserve oneself and protect the state. The first is the Ru school, which refers to according with yin and yang, setting forth moral edification, recounting the governance of Tang and Yu, and honouring the Dao of Zhongni. The second is the Daoist school, which refers to maintaining weakness, abasing oneself, setting forth the virtue of yielding practiced by Yao and Shun, clarifying the art of governing while facing south, and upholding the extreme modesty found in the Book of Changes. The third is the Yin-Yang school, which refers to according with heaven, calculating celestial movements, and respectfully bestowing the seasons upon the people. The fourth is the Legalist school, which refers to making rewards clear and enforcing laws to assist ritual systems. The fifth is the School of Names, which refers to rectifying names, arranging ranks, so that words accord and undertakings succeed. The sixth is the Mohist school, which refers to sacrificing at the clear ancestral temples, nurturing the aged, and bestowing benefits. The seventh is the School of Diplomats, which refers to receiving missions as envoys and handling diplomatic affairs expediently on their own initiative. The eighth is the Eclectic school, which refers to combining the selections of Ruists and Mohists, embracing the instructions of the Schools of Names and Law, and understanding the general framework of the state so that no affair is not mastered. The ninth is the Agricultural school, which refers to encouraging plowing and sericulture, and fully setting forth provisions and goods. Following their Dao can bring peace to the multitude; executing their affairs can benefit the state. For governing, they are fully complete; for the people, they are sufficient. Even if you, Master, give broad-ranging explanations and words praising the Imperial Academy to the utmost, I fear they are completely unrelated, like straying cows and horses that never cross paths.” > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 1.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2110.1.8) - [Next: 1.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2110.1.10) - [Up: 1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2110.1) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2110~en-mt.1.9) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2110.1.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2110.1.9) · Pramāṇa