[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [經律異相](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2121) › 46.21 # 經律異相 46.21 經律異相 46.21 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [46.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2121.46.21) 有四大天神一者地。二者水。三者風。四者火。地神自念云。地無水火風。佛曰。地中有水火風。但地大多故得名耳。水火風神皆各同然。佛為說法。皆受五戒為優婆夷。一切人民所居舍宅。皆有鬼神無有空者。街巷道陌屠會市肆及諸山塚。皆有鬼神無有空處。凡諸鬼神皆隨所依即以為名（樓炭經云樹高七尺圍一尺有鬼神）若人初生皆有鬼神隨逐擁護。若人欲死鬼收精氣。行十惡人若百若千共一神護。猶如國王以百千人侍衛一臣（出長阿合經第二十卷）。 > There are four great heavenly deities: the first is Earth, the second Water, the third Wind, and the fourth Fire. The earth deity thought to herself, "Earth contains no water, fire, or wind." The Buddha said, "Within earth there is water, fire, and wind, but because earth is predominant, it receives its name." The deities of water, fire, and wind are all likewise. The Buddha expounded the Dharma for them, and they all received the five precepts and became upāsikās. In the residences where all the people live, there are ghosts and spirits; none are unoccupied. In streets, lanes, avenues, butcher shops, assemblies, marketplaces, and the various mountains and tombs, there are ghosts and spirits; there is no empty place. In general, all ghosts and spirits are named according to what they rely upon (the Loutan jing says that a tree seven feet high and one foot in circumference has a ghost or spirit). When a person is first born, there are ghosts and spirits following and protecting them. When a person is about to die, the ghosts collect their vital essence. A hundred or a thousand people who practice the ten unwholesome deeds share a single spirit guarding them, just as a king employs hundreds or thousands of people to guard a single minister (from the Dīrghāgama, fascicle 20). > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 46.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2121.46.20) - [Next: 46.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2121.46.22) - [Up: 46](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2121.46) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2121~en-mt.46.21) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2121.46.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2121.46.21) · Pramāṇa