[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [法苑珠林](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2122) › 43.7 # 法苑珠林 43.7 法苑珠林 43.7 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [43.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2122.43.7) 依真諦三藏法師云。於成劫時人壽無量歲。於住壞劫時人壽八萬歲。時有輪王出世。若減不出。輪王有三。一軍輪王。二財輪王。三法輪王。若減八萬財輪王不出世。所以然者。此王福德壽命長遠。即與壽相違故不出世。若減法輪王出世。所以然者。如來大悲令諸眾生知苦無常易可化故出世也。故論云。劫減佛興世。劫初轉輪王。唯彌勒佛出時。人民福德。二王俱出世也。財有四。一金輪王則化被四天下。二銀輪王則政隔北欝單。王三天下。三銅輪王則除北欝單及西俱耶尼。王二天下。四鐵輪王則唯局閻浮提。王一天下。若減八萬歲時有軍輪王出。以軍威伏。王一天下。即是阿育王等。如來為法輪王。言劫增轉輪王者。此據財輪王也。若論軍輪故通劫減。鐵輪有二百五十輻。銅輪有五百輻。銀輪有七百五十輻。金輪有千輻。故仁王經云。道種堅德王乘金輪王四天下。性種性王乘銀輪王三天下。習種性王乘銅輪王二天下。以上十善得王。乘鐵輪王一天下。 > According to the Tripiṭaka Master Paramārtha, in the kalpa of formation, human lifespan is immeasurable; in the kalpas of abiding and destruction, human lifespan is eighty thousand years. At that time, cakravartins appear in the world. When the lifespan diminishes below this, they do not appear. There are three kinds of cakravartins: first, the military-wheel king; second, the treasure-wheel king; third, the Dharma-wheel king. If the lifespan diminishes below eighty thousand years, the treasure-wheel king does not appear in the world. Why is this? Because this king's blessings, virtues, and lifespan are long-lasting, which is contrary to a shortened lifespan, and thus he does not appear in the world. When it diminishes, the Dharma-wheel king appears in the world. Why is this? Because the Tathāgata's great compassion causes all sentient beings to know suffering and impermanence, making them easily transformable, so he appears in the world. Therefore, a treatise says: "During the decrease of the kalpa, Buddhas arise in the world; at the beginning of the kalpa, wheel-turning kings appear." Only when Maitreya Buddha appears do the people have the merit and virtue for both kinds of kings to appear in the world together. There are four types of treasure-wheel kings: first, the gold-wheel king, whose transformation covers the four continents; second, the silver-wheel king, whose governance excludes northern Uttarakuru, ruling over three continents; third, the copper-wheel king, who excludes both northern Uttarakuru and western Aparagodānīya, ruling over two continents; fourth, the iron-wheel king, who is confined only to Jambudvīpa, ruling over one continent. When the lifespan diminishes below eighty thousand years, military-wheel kings appear, using military force to subdue and rule over one continent, such as King Aśoka and others. The Tathāgata is the Dharma-wheel king. The statement that wheel-turning kings appear during the increase of the kalpa refers to treasure-wheel kings; when discussing military-wheel kings, they extend through the period of kalpa decrease. The iron wheel has two hundred and fifty spokes; the copper wheel has five hundred spokes; the silver wheel has seven hundred and fifty spokes; the gold wheel has one thousand spokes. Therefore, the Benevolent King Sūtra (Renwang jing) states: "The king of the firmly virtuous stage of the path rides the gold wheel and rules the four continents; the king of nature-lineage rides the silver wheel and rules three continents; the king of practice-lineage rides the copper wheel and rules two continents; those with the above ten virtues who attain kingship ride the iron wheel and rule one continent." > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 43.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2122.43.6) - [Next: 43.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2122.43.8) - [Up: 43](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2122.43) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2122~en-mt.43.7) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2122.43.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2122.43.7) · Pramāṇa