[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [諸經要集](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2123) › 12.52 # 諸經要集 12.52 諸經要集 12.52 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [12.52](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2123.12.52) 如婆沙論說云。此欲界之中。具攝六趣。色無色界。各攝六趣少分。所以別者。以欲界是亂地故。眾生雜惡起業不純。或善或惡。以不同故。隨業受報。有多差別。上之二界唯是定地。眾生沈靜。起業亦純。是故無有多趣差別。問曰。四生六趣相攝云何。答曰。如毘曇中說。天及地獄。一向化生。鬼趣唯二。謂胎及化。人及畜生。各具四生。故此論問云。為生攝於趣。為趣攝於生。即自答云。 > As the \*Mahāvibhāṣā-śāstra says: 'Within this desire realm, all six destinies are fully included. The form and formless realms each include a minor portion of the six destinies. The reason they differ is that the desire realm is a distracted plane; sentient beings create karma through mixed defilements without purity, being either wholesome or unwholesome. Because of these differences, they receive retributions according to their karma, with many distinctions. The upper two realms are exclusively planes of concentration; sentient beings are calm and still, and the karma they initiate is also uniform. Therefore there are no distinctions of multiple destinies.' Question: How do the four modes of birth and the six destinies mutually include one another? Answer: As explained in the Abhidharma, gods and hell-dwellers are solely apparitionally born. The ghost destiny has only two: namely womb-born and apparitionally born. Humans and animals each possess all four modes of birth. Therefore this treatise asks: 'Do the modes of birth subsume the destinies, or do the destinies subsume the modes of birth?' Then it answers itself: > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 12.51](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2123.12.51) - [Next: 12.53](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2123.12.53) - [Up: 12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2123.12) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2123~en-mt.12.52) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2123.12.52](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2123.12.52) · Pramāṇa