[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [諸經要集](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2123) › 19.68 # 諸經要集 19.68 諸經要集 19.68 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [19.68](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2123.19.68) 又俱舍論云。若人臨終起邪見心。是人以先不善為因。邪見為緣。故墮地獄。有論師言。一切不善皆是地獄因。此不善之餘。生畜生餓鬼中。又往業盛故。墮畜生中。如婬欲盛故。生於鴿雀鴛鴦之中。瞋恚盛故。生於蚖蝮蛇蝎中。愚癡盛故。生猪羊蜯蛤中。憍慢盛故。生於師子虎狼中。掉戲盛故。生獼猴中。慳嫉盛故。生餓狗中。若有少分施善餘福。雖生畜生於中微樂。身口二業雖由心為主。然其口業受報者多。如罵人輕躁。喻如獼猴。即生猴中。若言貪悷如鳥。語如狗吠。騃如猪羊。聲如驢鳴。行如駱駝。自高如象。惡如逸牛。婬如鳥雀。怯如猫狸。諂如野狐。如是諸惡。隨口受報。然由三毒為本。三毒之中貪愛為重。如捉布一頭。餘則盡隨故。智度論云。若不斷愛愛則同生。是故四生皆由愛起。如說多欲生鳥雀中。多貪味故廁中受生。又愛欲故卵生胎生。貪香味故受濕生。隨其所愛故起殷重業。則受化生。若殷重心樂行罪業。死時妄見地獄。受其化生。若殷重受福上界化生。故成論云如樹根不拔其樹猶生。貪根不拔苦樹常在。 > Furthermore, the Abhidharmakośa-śāstra states: If a person at the point of death gives rise to a mind of wrong view, this person, taking prior unwholesome deeds as the cause and wrong view as the condition, therefore falls into hell. Some treatise masters say: All unwholesome deeds are causes of hell; the remainder of these unwholesome deeds causes rebirth among animals and hungry ghosts. Furthermore, because past karma is preponderant, one falls among animals: for instance, because lustful desire is preponderant, one is born among pigeons, sparrows, and mandarin ducks; because anger is preponderant, one is born among vipers, adders, snakes, and scorpions; because delusion is preponderant, one is born among pigs, sheep, mussels, and clams; because arrogance is preponderant, one is born among lions, tigers, and wolves; because restlessness and levity are preponderant, one is born among monkeys; because stinginess and jealousy are preponderant, one is born among starving dogs. If there is a small portion of remaining merit from the good of giving, although born among animals, they experience slight pleasure therein. Although the two karmas of body and speech are governed by the mind, yet many receive retribution for their verbal karma: for instance, if one reviles someone as flighty and agitated, comparing them to a monkey, they will be born among monkeys; if one says they are greedy and perverse like a bird, speak like a barking dog, are foolish like a pig or sheep, have a voice like a donkey's bray, walk like a camel, hold themselves aloft like an elephant, are unruly like an unbridled ox, are lustful like a bird or sparrow, cowardly like a cat, or flattering like a wild fox—such evil retributions are received in accordance with their speech. Yet these take the three poisons as their root; among the three poisons, greedy craving is the weightiest, just as grabbing one corner of a cloth, all the rest follows. Therefore the \*Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa\* states: "If craving is not severed, craving will give rise to shared rebirth." For this reason, the four modes of birth all arise from craving. As it is said, excessive desire leads to rebirth among birds and sparrows; excessive craving for flavors leads to rebirth in latrines. Moreover, due to craving and desire there is egg-birth and womb-birth; due to craving scents and flavors there is moisture-birth. According to whatever they crave, they give rise to earnest karma and thereby receive apparitional birth. If with an earnest mind they delight in practicing sinful karma, at the time of death they delusionally see hell and receive apparitional birth therein. If with an earnest mind they receive merit, they are apparitionally born in the higher realms. Therefore the Tattvasiddhi-śāstra states: "Just as when the roots of a tree are not uprooted, the tree still grows, so when the root of greed is not uprooted, the tree of suffering ever remains." > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 19.67](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2123.19.67) - [Next: 19.69](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2123.19.69) - [Up: 19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2123.19) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2123~en-mt.19.68) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (1) - [法苑珠林](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2122.97.37) — 道世, Classical Chinese --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2123.19.68](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2123.19.68) · Pramāṇa