[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [一切經音義](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2128) › 22.9 # 一切經音義 22.9 一切經音義 22.9 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [22.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2128.22.9) 和上（案五天雅言和上謂之塢波地耶然其彼土流俗謂和上殟社于闐䟽勒乃云鶻社今此方訛音謂之和上雖諸方舛異今依正釋言塢波者此云近也地耶者讀也言此尊師為弟子親近習讀之者舊云親教是也）。 > Heshang 和上 \[upādhyāya\] (Examining the refined speech of the Five Indias, an upādhyāya is called \*upādhyāya\* (wubodiye). However, in the vulgar dialect of that land, an upādhyāya is called \*huashe\* (殟社); in Khotan and Kashgar, they say \*hushe\* (鶻社). Now in this land, it has become corrupted in pronunciation to \*heshang\*. Although there are discrepancies among the various regions, following the correct explanation today: \*upa\* (wubo) translates here as 'close' or 'near'; \*adhyāya\* (diye) means 'to read' or 'to recite'. This means that this venerable master is one whom the disciple approaches closely to study and recite with. The old translation of 'intimate instructor' (qinjiao) is correct). > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 22.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2128.22.8) - [Next: 22.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2128.22.10) - [Up: 22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2128.22) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2128~en-mt.22.9) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2128.22.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2128.22.9) · Pramāṇa