[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [一切經音義](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2128) › 60.99 # 一切經音義 60.99 一切經音義 60.99 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [60.99](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2128.60.99) 五磨灑（莫賀反。下沙下反。並去聲字也。梵語是西方市金寶之名也。其金一丸如梧桐子許大名一磨灑。以東西兩國通貨價直約之可直此方銅錢八十。其五磨灑計當四百。彼國王法偷盜財物計直五磨灑者罪當永棄。送於山林任其生死。若盜一二三四磨灑量罪別科不至於棄。佛所制戒一准王法。比丘所盜之物價直五磨灑者即名犯重擯棄出眾不共住也。古人譯經錯會將一磨灑同於一錢錯之甚矣。佛言我之教法隨方國土為制。若准此國王法。上從五帝三王下及大唐王制。未聞盜五錢即合至死。乃至盜五匹已上万至流刑。貫百之間有杖不至流貶。而言五錢犯重者傷其太急難為護持。不覺破此戒者其數多矣。有部律文云四百犯重者由故嚴峻於此國王制以挍量寬猛正得其中合佛本制也）。 > Five māṣas (mò in fanqie from mò and hè; the next is shà in fanqie from shā and xià; both are departing-tone characters. In Sanskrit, this is the name used in the Western markets for gold and jewels. A single pellet of gold roughly the size of a parasol tree seed is called one māṣa. Comparing and estimating by the currency values of both eastern and western countries, it is equivalent to eighty copper cash of this land. Five māṣas amount to four hundred cash. Under the royal law of that country, if one steals property valued at five māṣas, the penalty is permanent expulsion: being cast out into the mountain forests to live or die as fate wills. If one steals one, two, three, or four māṣas, the punishment is meted out according to the degree of the crime, not resulting in abandonment. The precepts instituted by the Buddha correspond entirely to the royal law. If the property stolen by a monk is valued at five māṣas, it is deemed committing a grave offense, and he is expelled and driven out from the sangha, no longer living together with them. Ancient translators misunderstood this and equated one māṣa to one copper cash, which was a grave error! The Buddha said: 'My teachings establish regulations in accordance with the lands and states.' If evaluated by the royal laws of this country, from the Five Thearchs and Three Kings down to the royal statutes of the Great Tang, one has never heard of stealing five cash warranting death. Even for stealing five bolts of silk or more, one would only reach penal exile; between one and a hundred strings of cash, there is caning, but it does not reach penal exile. Yet to say that five cash constitutes a grave offense is excessively harsh, making it difficult to maintain the precepts, and those who unknowingly break this precept would be manifold. The Sarvāstivāda vinaya states that four hundred cash constitutes a grave offense, which is based on strict judgment; balancing lenient and severe penalties in accordance with this realm's royal statutes precisely hits the mark and accords with the Buddha's original injunction). > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 60.98](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2128.60.98) - [Next: 60.100](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2128.60.100) - [Up: 60](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2128.60) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2128~en-mt.60.99) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2128.60.99](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2128.60.99) · Pramāṇa