[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [翻譯名義集](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131) › 1.258 # 翻譯名義集 1.258 翻譯名義集 1.258 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [1.258](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.1.258) 【沙門】或云桑門，或名沙迦懣（門字上聲）曩，皆訛。正言室摩那拏，或舍羅磨拏。此言功勞，言修道有多勞也。什師云：「佛法及外道，凡出家者，皆名沙門。」肇云：「出家之都名也。秦言義訓勤行，勤行取涅槃。」《阿含經》云：「捨離恩愛，出家修道，攝御諸根，不染外欲；慈心一切，無所傷害；遇樂不忻，逢苦不戚，能忍如地，故號沙門。」《後漢書．郊祀志》云：「沙門，漢言息心，削髮去家，絕情洗欲，而歸於無為也。」《瑞應》云：「息心達本源，故號為沙門。」或云具名沙門那，此云乏道。以為良福田故，能斷眾生饉乏；以修八正道故，能斷一切邪道。故〈迦葉品〉云：「沙門那者，即八正道；沙門果者，從道畢竟永斷一切貪嗔癡等（云云）。」世言沙門名乏，那者名道。如是道者，斷一切乏，斷一切邪道，以是義故，名八正道，為沙門那。從是道中獲得果故，名沙門果。或以沙門翻勤息。《垂裕記》云：「謂勤行眾善，止息諸惡。息界內惡者，藏通沙門；次第息界內外惡者，別教沙門；一心遍息內外諸惡者，圓融沙門。」《瑜伽論》云：「有四沙門：一勝道沙門，即佛等；二說道沙門，謂說正法者；三活道沙門，謂修諸善品者；四污道沙門，謂諸邪行者。」 > \[Śramaṇa\] Also rendered sangmen, or shajiamanna (with the character men in the rising tone), which are all corruptions. The correct forms are śramaṇa or śramaṇa. Here this means 'toil', meaning that cultivating the Way involves much toil. Master Kumārajīva said: "In both the Buddha's Dharma and non-Buddhist teachings, all who leave householder life are named śramaṇas." Sengzhao said: "It is the general name for those who leave householder life. The Qin gloss defines its sense as 'diligent practice'; practicing diligently to attain nirvāṇa." The Āgama sūtra says: "Renouncing affection and love, leaving householder life to cultivate the Way, restraining and mastering the sense faculties, untainted by external desires; being loving-kind toward all without harming anything; not rejoicing upon encountering pleasure and not grieving upon meeting suffering, able to endure like the earth—hence one is called a śramaṇa." The 'Treatise on Sacrifices' in the Book of the Later Han says: "Śramaṇa, in the language of the Han, means 'stilling the mind'. Shaving the hair and leaving the household, severing emotion and washing away desire, one returns to the unconditioned." The Ruiying jing says: "Stilling the mind and penetrating the original source, one is therefore called a śramaṇa." It is also said that the full name is śramaṇa, which here is translated as 'remedying deficiency through the Way'. Because they are a good field of merit, they can sever sentient beings' famine and deficiency; because they cultivate the eightfold noble path, they can sever all heterodox paths. Therefore the 'Kāśyapa Chapter' says: "Śramaṇa refers to the eightfold noble path; the fruit of the śramaṇa means completely and permanently severing all greed, anger, delusion, and so forth through the Way (and so on)." In worldly explanation, śrama means 'deficiency', and ṇa means 'Way'. Such a Way severs all deficiency and severs all heterodox ways; for this reason, the eightfold noble path is called śramaṇa. Because one obtains the fruit from this Way, it is called the fruit of a śramaṇa. Alternatively, śramaṇa is translated as 'diligent stilling'. The Chuiyu ji says: "It means diligently practicing all goods and stilling all evils. Stilling evils within the realm is the śramaṇa of the Tripiṭaka and Common Teachings; successively stilling evils within and outside the realm is the śramaṇa of the Distinct Teaching; with one mind universally stilling all internal and external evils is the śramaṇa of the Perfect and Harmonious Teaching." The Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra says: "There are four kinds of śramaṇas: 1. the śramaṇa of the victorious path, namely the Buddhas and their like; 2. the śramaṇa who teaches the path, meaning those who explain the true Dharma; 3. the śramaṇa who lives the path, meaning those who cultivate all wholesome factors; 4. the śramaṇa who defiles the path, meaning those who engage in heterodox conduct." > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 1.257](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.1.257) - [Next: 1.259](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.1.259) - [Up: 1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.1) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131~en-mt.1.258) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.1.258](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.1.258) · Pramāṇa