[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [翻譯名義集](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131) › 2.47 # 翻譯名義集 2.47 翻譯名義集 2.47 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [2.47](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.2.47) 【阿脩羅】舊翻無端正，男醜女端正。新翻非天。《淨名疏》云：「此神果報最勝，隣次諸天，而非天也。」新《婆娑論》云：「梵本正音名素洛。素洛是天，彼非天故，名阿素洛。又素洛名端正，彼非端正，名阿素洛。」《西域記》云：「阿素洛，舊曰阿脩羅、阿須倫、阿須羅，皆訛也。」「什曰：秦言不飲酒，不飲酒因緣，出《雜寶藏》。」《法華疏》云：「阿脩羅採四天下華，醞於大海。龍魚業力，其味不變。嗔妬誓斷，故言無酒。」《大論》云：「佛去久遠，經法流傳五百年後，多有別異。或言五道，或言六道。觀諸經義，應有六道。以善有上、中、下，故有三善道。惡有上、中、下，故有三惡道。若不爾者，惡有三果報，而善二果報，是事相違；若有六道，於義無違。故此脩羅，在因之時，懷猜忌心，雖行五常，欲勝他故，作下品十善，感此道身。」《華嚴》云：「如羅睺阿脩羅王，本身長七百由旬，化形長十六萬八千由旬。於大海中出其半身，與須彌山而正齊等。」《楞嚴經》云：「復有四種阿脩羅類：若於鬼道，以護法力，乘通入空，此阿脩羅從卵而生，鬼趣所攝。若於天中，降德貶（方歛）墜，其所卜居，隣於日月，此阿脩羅從胎而出，人趣所攝。有阿脩羅，執持世界，力洞無畏，能與梵王及天帝釋四天爭權，此阿脩羅因變化有，天趣所攝。則有一分下劣修羅，生大海心，沈水穴口，旦遊虛空，暮歸水宿，此阿脩羅因濕氣有，畜生趣攝。」淨覺問：「此四阿脩羅，既為四趣所攝，應無別報同分之處耶？」答：「雖屬四趣，非無別報。今云卜居隣於日月等，即同分之處也。」又《長阿含》云：「南洲有金剛山，中有脩羅宮，所治六千由旬，欄楯行樹等。然一日一夜，三時受苦，苦具來入其宮中。」《起世經》云：「脩羅所居，宮殿、城郭、器用，降地居天一等。亦有婚姻男女法式，略如人間。」《正法念經》云：「阿脩羅略有二種：一者鬼道所攝，魔身餓鬼，有神通力。二者畜生所攝，住大海底，須彌山側。」問：「《法華》所列四種脩羅，與《楞嚴》四，為同為異？」答：「資中云同。淨覺云：『彼四秖可攝在此四之中，不可次第分屬其類。』荊溪師云：『法華四種，皆與帝釋鬪戰。一往觀之，但同今經第三類耳。』」 > \[Asura\] Formerly translated as "not upright"—the males being ugly and the females upright and handsome. Newly translated as "non-god" (asura). The Commentary on the Vimalakīrtinirdeśa states: "The retribution of these spirits is the most superior, ranked next to the gods, yet they are not gods." The new Vibhāṣā-śāstra states: "The correct pronunciation in the Sanskrit text is sura. Sura means 'god'; because they are not gods, they are called asuras. Furthermore, sura means 'upright and handsome'; because they are not upright, they are called asuras." The Datang Xiyu Ji states: "Asura—formerly called axiuluo, axulun, or axuluo—are all corruptions." "Kumārajīva said: 'In the language of Qin, it means "not drinking liquor"; the causes and conditions for not drinking liquor are found in the Samyuktaratnapiṭaka.'" The Commentary on the Lotus Sūtra states: "The asuras gather flowers from the four continents and brew them in the great ocean. Due to the karmic power of dragons and fish, the flavor does not ferment. Becoming enraged and jealous, they vowed to give it up, and so it is said they have no liquor." The Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa states: "Since the Buddha's passing was long ago, after the sūtras and teachings had been transmitted for five hundred years, many discrepancies arose. Some spoke of five destinies, and some spoke of six destinies. Examining the meaning of the various sūtras, there should be six destinies. Because wholesome karma has superior, middling, and inferior grades, there are three wholesome destinies. Because evil karma has superior, middling, and inferior grades, there are three evil destinies. Were it not so, evil would have three retributions while good would have only two retributions, which would be contradictory; if there are six destinies, there is no contradiction in meaning. Therefore, when these asuras were in their causal stage, they harbored suspicion and jealousy; although they practiced the five constants, because they wished to surpass others, they performed the inferior grade of the ten wholesome deeds, thus inducing the body of this destiny." The Avataṃsaka states: "For example, the Asura King Rāhu's original body is seven hundred yojanas tall, and his transformed body is one hundred and sixty-eight thousand yojanas tall. Emerging with half his body out of the great ocean, he stands exactly level with Mount Sumeru." The Śūraṅgama Sūtra states: "Furthermore, there are four kinds of asura classes: If among the ghost destiny, by the power of protecting the Dharma, they ride their supernormal powers into empty space, these asuras are born from eggs and are subsumed under the ghost destiny. If among the gods, their virtue declines and they are degraded and fall, taking up a dwelling adjacent to the sun and moon, these asuras emerge from the womb and are subsumed under the human destiny. There are asuras who sustain worlds, whose power is profound and fearless, and who can contend for authority with King Brahmā, Śakra Devānāmindra, and the Four Heavenly Kings; these asuras exist through transformation and are subsumed under the divine destiny. Then there is an inferior class of asuras born in the heart of the great ocean, submerged at the mouths of underwater caverns, roaming the empty sky in the morning and returning to lodge in the water in the evening; these asuras exist through moisture and are subsumed under the animal destiny." Jingjue asked: "Since these four kinds of asuras are subsumed under the four destinies, should they not lack a common realm of distinctive retribution?" The answer: "Although they belong to the four destinies, they are not without distinctive retribution. Now, saying that they 'take up a dwelling adjacent to the sun and moon,' and so forth, refers precisely to their common realms." Furthermore, the Dīrghāgama states: "In the southern continent there is the Vajra Mountain, within which is the palace of the asuras; the realm governed is six thousand yojanas, with railings, rows of trees, and the like. Yet throughout a day and night, they suffer torment at the three times, as instruments of torment come and enter their palace." The Lokasthiti Sūtra states: "The palaces, cities, and utensils where the asuras dwell are one grade lower than those of the earth-dwelling gods. They also have codes and rites for marriage, male and female, roughly like the human realm." The Saddharmasmṛtyupasthāna Sūtra states: "Asuras are roughly of two kinds: the first are subsumed under the ghost destiny, being hungry ghosts with demonic bodies that possess supernormal powers; the second are subsumed under the animal destiny, dwelling at the bottom of the great ocean, beside Mount Sumeru." Question: "Are the four kinds of asuras listed in the Lotus Sūtra the same as or different from the four in the Śūraṅgama?" Answer: "Zizhong says they are the same. Jingjue says: 'Those four can only be subsumed within these four; they cannot be assigned sequentially to these categories.' Master Jingxi says: 'The four kinds in the Lotus Sūtra all wage war against Śakra. Broadly considered, they correspond only to the third category in the present sūtra.'" > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 2.46](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.2.46) - [Next: 2.48](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.2.48) - [Up: 2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.2) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131~en-mt.2.47) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (1) - [注維摩詰經](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1775.1.220) — Classical Chinese --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.2.47](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.2.47) · Pramāṇa