[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [翻譯名義集](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131) › 4.68 # 翻譯名義集 4.68 翻譯名義集 4.68 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [4.68](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.4.68) 《法界次第》云：「通言諦者，諦以審實為義。此四諦法，正為聲聞人。從聞生解，故必須藉教。詮理不虛，故云審實也。若由因感果，則應先因而後果。今悉先果而後因者，教門引物為便。」前二諦是世間之法，令知苦以斷集，故先果而次因。後二諦是出世間之法，使為滅以修道，亦先果而次因。佛滅八百年，如意論主王禮為師，立先因後果義云：「集苦是有漏因果，道滅是無漏因果。」外道破云：「汝師出世，說苦集滅道。何以弟子說集苦道滅？有違師之過。」如意救曰：「佛在世日，對不信因果人說先果後因。我今順因果說，亦不相違。」此時外道朋黨熾盛，眾中無證義人，王賜外道金七十兩，封外道論為《金七十論》。如意墮負，嚼舌而終。至九百年，世親披外道論，果見如意墮負。遂造論軌論式等，上王救如意論主。王加珍敬，賜世親金七十兩，封為《勝金七十論》。王縛草鞭屍，表外道邪宗，屍為出血。故出家者，宜應曉了四諦教門因果二法前後之義，慎勿惑焉。 > The \*Fajie cidi\* states: "Generally speaking of 'truths' (satya), 'truth' takes 'scrutinized reality' as its meaning. This dharma of the four truths is specifically for śrāvakas. Since they produce understanding from hearing, they must rely on teaching. Because the principle expressed is not false, it is called scrutinized reality. If results are brought about by causes, causes should come first and results second. The present practice of placing all results first and causes second is an expedient for the doctrinal gate to guide beings." The first two truths are mundane phenomena: to make beings know suffering in order to sever its origin, the result is placed first and the cause second. The latter two truths are supramundane phenomena: to make beings cultivate the path for the sake of cessation, the result is likewise placed first and the cause second. Eight hundred years after the Buddha's parinirvāṇa, the treatise master Manoratha was honored as a master by the king. He established the position of cause first and result second, stating: "Origin and suffering are contaminated cause and result; the path and cessation are uncontaminated cause and result." A non-Buddhist refuted him, saying: "When your master appeared in the world, he spoke of suffering, origin, cessation, and the path. Why does his disciple speak of origin, suffering, the path, and cessation? You have committed the error of contradicting your master!" Manoratha defended himself, saying: "When the Buddha was in the world, he spoke of result first and cause second to those who did not believe in cause and effect. I now speak in accordance with cause and effect, which does not contradict him." At that time the non-Buddhists were numerous and powerful, and there was no one in the assembly to verify the debate's meaning. The king rewarded the non-Buddhist with seventy ounces of gold and entitled the non-Buddhist treatise \*The Treatise of the Golden Seventy\*. Manoratha suffered defeat, bit his tongue, and died. In the nine-hundredth year, Vasubandhu opened the non-Buddhist treatise and saw that Manoratha had indeed suffered defeat. He thereupon composed the \*Rules for Debate\* (Vāda-vidhi), the \*Standards for Debate\*, and so forth, and presented them to the king to vindicate Treatise Master Manoratha. The king held him in even greater esteem, rewarded Vasubandhu with seventy ounces of gold, and entitled his work \*The Treatise Surpassing the Golden Seventy\*. The king bound grass and whipped the corpse to expose the non-Buddhist false doctrine, and blood issued from the corpse. Therefore, those who have left home should clearly understand the meaning of the order of the two dharmas of cause and effect in the doctrinal gate of the Four Truths, and take care not to be confused. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 4.67](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.4.67) - [Next: 4.69](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.4.69) - [Up: 4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.4) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131~en-mt.4.68) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (1) - [法界次第初門](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1925.2.122) — Classical Chinese --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.4.68](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.4.68) · Pramāṇa