[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [翻譯名義集](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131) › 6.59 # 翻譯名義集 6.59 翻譯名義集 6.59 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [6.59](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.6.59) 【烏波】或云薩遮，此云有。《婆沙》云：「有是何義，謂一切有漏法是。」佛言：「若業能令後生續生，是名為有。」《華嚴》云：「何等名有為法？所謂三界眾生。」《婆沙》云：「漏是何義？答：住是漏義。凡夫至此，被留住故。浸漬是漏義，至三有頂，常浸漬故。流出是漏義，垂盡三有，還出下故。持義、醉義、在內義、放逸義，並是漏義。」《成論》云：「失道故名漏。」律云：「癡人造業，開諸漏門。」《文句》云：「漏謂三漏。」妙樂云：「一欲漏，謂欲界一切煩惱，除無明。二有漏，謂上兩界一切煩惱，除無明。三無明漏，謂三界無明。」又《輔行》釋有流云：「有即三有。流謂四流。一見流，三界見也；二欲流，欲界一切諸惑，除見及癡；三有流，上二界一切諸惑，除見及癡；四無明流，三界癡也。於此三處，因果不亡，故名為有。為此四法，漂溺不息，故名為流。」（《婆沙》「問：『緣起緣生，有何差別？』答：『或說無有差別，緣起緣生，皆有為法。或有說云亦有差別，因是緣起，果是緣生。』」）《涅槃》云：「有漏法者有二種，有因有果。無漏法者亦有二種，有因有果。有漏果者，是則名苦；有漏因者，則名為集。無漏果者，則名為滅；無漏因者，則名為道。」 > \[Upādāna\] Also rendered as satya. Here it is translated as existence (bhava). The Mahāvibhāṣā says: "What is the meaning of existence? It refers to all tainted dharmas." The Buddha said: "If karma can cause subsequent rebirth to continue, it is called existence." The Avataṃsaka-sūtra says: "What are conditioned dharmas? They refer to sentient beings of the three realms." The Mahāvibhāṣā says: "What is the meaning of outflow (āsrava)? Answer: Abiding is the meaning of outflow; because ordinary beings reach this and are detained. Soaking is the meaning of outflow; because reaching the peak of the three existences, they are constantly soaked. Flowing out is the meaning of outflow; because nearing the exhaustion of the three existences, they flow back down. Holding, intoxication, being inside, and heedlessness are all meanings of outflow." The Tattvasiddhi-śāstra says: "Because of straying from the path, it is called outflow." The Vinaya says: "Deluded people create karma and open all gates of outflows." The Wenju says: "Outflows refer to the three outflows." Miaole says: "First is the outflow of desire, referring to all afflictions in the desire realm, excluding ignorance. Second is the outflow of existence, referring to all afflictions in the upper two realms, excluding ignorance. Third is the outflow of ignorance, referring to the ignorance of the three realms." Furthermore, the Fuxing explains 'current of existence' (bhava-ogha): "Existence refers to the three existences. Current refers to the four currents. First is the current of views, the views of the three realms; second is the current of desire, all delusions of the desire realm, excluding views and delusion; third is the current of existence, all delusions of the upper two realms, excluding views and delusion; fourth is the current of ignorance, the delusion of the three realms. Because in these three places cause and effect do not perish, they are called existences. Because by these four dharmas one drifts and drowns without cease, they are called currents." (The Mahāvibhāṣā asks: "What is the difference between dependent origination and dependently arisen? Answer: Some say there is no difference; both dependent origination and dependently arisen are conditioned dharmas. Some say there is a difference: the cause is dependent origination, and the fruit is dependently arisen.") The Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra says: "Tainted dharmas are of two kinds: having causes and having fruits. Untainted dharmas are also of two kinds: having causes and having fruits. The fruit of taintedness is called suffering; the cause of taintedness is called origination. The fruit of untaintedness is called cessation; the cause of untaintedness is called the path." > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 6.58](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.6.58) - [Next: 6.60](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.6.60) - [Up: 6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.6) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131~en-mt.6.59) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (1) - [止觀輔行傳弘決](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1912.6.5) — Classical Chinese --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.6.59](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.6.59) · Pramāṇa