[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [翻譯名義集](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131) › 6.62 # 翻譯名義集 6.62 翻譯名義集 6.62 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [6.62](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.6.62) 【仡（語乞）那】或繕摩，此翻生。《瑜伽》云：「五蘊初起，名之為生。依殼而起，曰卵生；含藏而出，號胎生；假潤而興，曰濕生；無而忽現，名化生。如是四生，由內心思業為因，外殼胎藏濕潤為緣。約藉緣多少，而成次第。卵生具四，是以先說。胎生具三，濕生具二，化生唯一，謂思業也。」《俱舍》云：「人，旁生，具四。地獄，及諸天、中有，唯化生。鬼通胎化二。」人具四生者，如《大論》云：「毘舍佉彌羅母，生三十二子。彌伽羅是大兒字，其母生三十二卵，剖生三十二男，皆為力士，其母得三道。」又《婆沙論》云：「昔於此洲商人入海，得一雌鶴，遂生二卵，出二童子，端正聰明。年長出家，得阿羅漢。大名世羅，小名鄔波世羅。」《大論》云：「胎生者，如常人生；濕生者，如揜（音菴）羅婆利婬女，頂生轉輪聖王。」又《涅槃》云：「頂生王從頂皰生。」化生者，《大論》云：「如佛與四眾游行，比丘尼眾中，有阿羅婆，地中化生。及劫初時，人皆化生。」旁生具四者，《正法念》云：「化生金翅鳥，能食四生龍。龍與金翅，皆具四生；走獸皆胎，飛鳥俱卵。」證真云：「情想合離，四生皆具。經文且據一往增勝邊說。」 > \[Gena\] or janma, here translated as 'birth' (śēng). The Yogācārabhūmi says: 'The initial arising of the five aggregates is called birth. Arising relying on a shell is called egg-born; issuing forth enclosed within a womb is called womb-born; emerging by relying on moisture is called moisture-born; suddenly appearing from nothing is called apparitional birth. These four modes of birth take the internal karma of mental volition as the direct cause, and external factors—shells, wombs, and moisture—as auxiliary conditions. Their sequence is determined by how many conditions they depend upon: egg-born possesses all four, and therefore is mentioned first; womb-born possesses three; moisture-born possesses two; and apparitional birth possesses only one, namely the karma of mental volition.' The Abhidharmakośa says: 'Humans and animals possess all four. The hells, all celestial beings, and the intermediate state are exclusively apparitionally born. Ghosts can be either womb-born or apparitionally born.' As for humans possessing all four modes of birth, as the Great Treatise (\*Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa\*) says: 'The mother of Viśākhā Mṛgāra gave birth to thirty-two sons. Mṛgāra was the name of the eldest son; his mother laid thirty-two eggs, which split open to give birth to thirty-two boys, all of whom became champions of great strength, and the mother attained the three paths.' Moreover, the \*Mahāvibhāṣā-śāstra\* says: 'In ancient times in this continent, merchants went out to sea and obtained a female crane, which subsequently laid two eggs from which two young boys emerged, upright and intelligent. When they grew up they went forth into homelessness and attained arhatship; the elder was named Śela and the younger Upasela.' The Great Treatise says: 'Womb-born refers to normal human births; moisture-born refers to individuals like the courtesan Āmrapālī or the Cakravartin King Mūrdhaja.' Moreover, the Nirvāṇa \[Sūtra\] says: 'King Mūrdhaja was born from a swelling on the crown of the head.' Regarding apparitionally born, the Great Treatise says: 'When the Buddha was traveling with the fourfold assembly, among the assembly of bhikṣuṇīs was Alavā, who was apparitionally born from the earth. Furthermore, at the beginning of the kalpa, all humans were apparitionally born.' As for animals possessing all four modes, the \*Saddharmasmṛtyupasthāna-sūtra\* says: 'An apparitionally born garuḍa bird can consume nāgas of all four modes of birth. Nāgas and garuḍas both possess all four modes of birth; running beasts are all womb-born, and flying birds are all egg-born.' Zhengzhen says: 'Between union and separation of emotion and thought, all four modes of birth are fully present. The scriptures simply speak from the predominant perspective.' > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 6.61](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.6.61) - [Next: 6.63](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.6.63) - [Up: 6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.6) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131~en-mt.6.62) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.6.62](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.6.62) · Pramāṇa