[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [翻譯名義集](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131) › 7.42 # 翻譯名義集 7.42 翻譯名義集 7.42 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [7.42](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.7.42) 【袈裟】具云迦羅沙曳，此云不正色，從色得名。《章服儀》云：「袈裟之目，因於衣色，如經中壞色衣也。」《會正》云：「準此，本是草名，可染衣，故將彼草，目此衣號。」《十誦》以為敷具，謂同氈席之形。《四分》以為臥具，謂同衾被之類。《薩婆多》云：「臥具者，三衣之名。」《大淨法門經》云：「袈裟者，晉名去穢。」《大集經》名離染服，《賢愚》名出世服。真諦雜記云：「袈裟是外國三衣之名，名含多義。或名離塵服，由斷六塵故；或名消瘦服，由割煩惱故；或名蓮華服，服者離著故；或名間色服，以三如法色所成故。」言三色者，律有三種壞色：青、黑、木蘭。青謂銅青，黑謂雜泥，木蘭即樹皮也。《業疏》云：「聽以刀截，成沙門衣，不為怨賊所剝故。」《章服儀》云：「條堤之相，事等田疇，如畦貯水而養嘉苗，譬服此衣生功德也。佛令象此，義不徒然。」《五分》云：「衣下數破，當倒被之。在雨中行，水入葉中，應順被之。」《章服儀》云：「比見條葉，不附正儀，當馬齒鳥足縫之，即須順左右條開明孔。不作，即同縵衣。」南山問：「比見西域僧來，多縫衣葉者何？」答：「此佛滅後將二百年，北天竺僧與外道同住。外道嫉之，密以利刀內衣葉中，同往王所。外道告王，沙門釋子，內藏利刀，欲將害王。因告檢獲，由此普誅一國比丘。時有耶舍阿羅漢，令諸比丘權且縫合，為絕命難。此乃彼方因事權制，非佛所開。故義淨云：『西國三衣，並皆刺合，唯東夏開而不縫。』依律，大衣限五日成，七條四日成，五條二日成。限日不成，尼犯墮，比丘突吉羅。」《業疏》云：「若有衣不受持者，突吉羅。下二衣有長者，開將作從。」《悲華經》云：「佛於寶藏佛前發願，願成佛時，袈裟有五功德：一、入我法中，犯重邪見等，於一念中敬心尊重，必於三乘授記；二、天龍人鬼，若能敬此袈裟少分，即得三乘不退；三、若有鬼神諸人，得袈裟乃至四寸，飲食充足；四、若眾生共相違背，念袈裟力，尋生慈心；五、若持此少分，恭敬尊重，常得勝他。」《瓔珞經》云：「若天龍八部鬪爭，念此袈裟，生慈悲心。」《海龍王經》「龍王白佛：『如此海中，無數種龍，有四金翅常來食之，願佛擁護，令得安穩。』於是世尊，脫身皁衣，告龍王：『汝取是衣，分與諸龍，皆令周遍。於中有值一縷之者，金翅鳥王不能觸犯。持禁戒者，所願必得。』」《搜玄》引《大集》「王問，比丘不能說，遂羞墮地，袈裟變白。」《法滅盡經》云：「沙門袈裟，自然變白。」應法師云：「韻作𣮫㲚，音加沙。葛洪《字苑》始改從衣。」 > \[Kaṣāya\] In full, kāṣāya; here translated as "improper color" \[i.e., decayed or broken color\], named after its color. The Zhangfu yi states: "The name kaṣāya derives from the color of the robe, like the 'decayed-color robes' in the scriptures." The Huizheng states: "According to this, it was originally the name of a plant that could dye robes; therefore, using that plant, this robe was named." The Daśabhāṇavāra Vinaya regards it as a mat to sit upon, saying it has the form of a felt mat. The Dharmaguptaka Vinaya regards it as bedding, saying it is like quilts and blankets. The Sarvāstivāda states: "'Bedding' is another name for the three robes." The Dajing famen jing states: "Kaṣāya is called 'removing defilement' in Jin." The Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūtra names it "garment free of defilement"; the Damamūkanidāna Sūtra names it "world-transcending garment." Paramārtha's Miscellaneous Notes states: "Kaṣāya is the name for the three robes in foreign countries; the name contains multiple meanings. It is also called 'dust-free garment,' because it cuts off the six dusts \[sense objects\]; or 'wasting garment,' because it cuts off defilements; or 'lotus garment,' because the wearer is free from attachment; or 'compound-color garment,' because it is made of the three canonical colors." Regarding the three colors, the Vinaya has three kinds of decayed colors: blue-green, black, and magnolia-bark color. Blue-green refers to verdigris, black refers to mixed mud, and magnolia refers to tree bark. The Yeshu states: "The Buddha permitted cutting it with a knife to make a śramaṇa's robe, so that it would not be stripped away by enemies or thieves." The Zhangfu yi states: "The appearance of its strips and borders is like fields and paddies: just as dikes store water to nourish fine sprouts, so wearing this robe gives birth to merits and virtues. The Buddha made it resemble this, and its meaning is not in vain." The Mahīśāsaka Vinaya states: "If the lower part of the robe is frequently torn, one should wear it upside down. When walking in the rain, if water enters the pleats, one should wear it the right way." The Zhangfu yi states: "Lately I have seen strips and folds that do not conform to proper propriety; they should be stitched like horse teeth and bird tracks, and open holes must be made along the left and right strips. If not so made, it is identical to a plain, seamless robe." Nanshan asked: "Lately, when monks arrive from the Western Regions, why do many sew the robe folds closed?" The answer: "Nearly two hundred years after the Buddha's parinirvāṇa, monks in Northern India lived together with non-Buddhists. The non-Buddhists were jealous of them and secretly placed a sharp knife inside a robe's folds, going with them to the king's presence. The non-Buddhists told the king: 'The śramaṇas of the Śākya conceal sharp knives within, intending to harm the king.' Following the report, it was searched and seized, and because of this, all the bhikṣus throughout the country were executed. At that time, the arhat Yaśas had all bhikṣus temporarily sew them shut as an expedient, so as to avert deadly perils. This was an expedient measure instituted in that region due to circumstances, not a dispensation granted by the Buddha. Thus Yijing says: 'The three robes in the Western countries are all stitched together; only in China are they kept open without being sewn.' According to the Vinaya, the great robe (saṅghāṭī) must be finished within five days, the seven-strip robe within four days, and the five-strip robe within two days. If not completed within the time limit, a nun commits a pātayantika and a bhikṣu commits a duṣkṛta." The Yeshu states: "If there is a robe that is not formally resolved upon, it is a duṣkṛta. If one has extra cloth for the lower two robes, one is permitted to make an accompanying piece." The Karuṇāpuṇḍarīka Sūtra states: "Before the Buddha Ratnagarbha, the Buddha made a vow: 'When I attain buddhahood, may the kaṣāya possess five merits: 1. Those who enter my Dharma, even if they commit grave offenses or harbor wrong views, if in a single thought they revere it with a respectful mind, they will certainly receive a prophecy in the three vehicles; 2. Devas, nāgas, humans, and ghosts, if they can revere even a small portion of this kaṣāya, will immediately attain non-retrogression in the three vehicles; 3. If there are ghosts, spirits, or people who obtain even four inches of this kaṣāya, their food and drink will be abundant; 4. If sentient beings are in mutual conflict, by recollecting the power of the kaṣāya, a compassionate mind will instantly arise; 5. If one holds even a small portion of this, honoring and respecting it, one will always surpass others.'" The Yingluo jing states: "If the devas, nāgas, and eight classes of beings fight, by recollecting this kaṣāya, a compassionate mind will arise." The Sāgaranāgarāja Sūtra states: "The Dragon King said to the Buddha: 'In this sea there are countless kinds of dragons, and the four \[species of\] garuḍas constantly come to devour them. May the Buddha protect us so that we may obtain peace.' Thereupon the Bhagavat took off the black robe from his body and said to the Dragon King: 'Take this robe and divide it among all the dragons, so that it reaches everyone. If among them there is one who possesses even a single thread of it, the garuḍa king will not be able to harm them. Those who uphold the prohibitive precepts will surely obtain what they wish.'" The Souxuan quotes the Mahāsaṃnipāta: "When the king questioned him and the bhikṣu could not speak, he fell down in shame, and his kaṣāya turned white." The Scripture on the Extinction of the Dharma states: "The śramaṇas' kaṣāyas will naturally turn white." Dharma Master Ying says: "In rhyme books it was written with radical 123 as jiāshā. It was Ge Hong's Ziyuan that first altered it to have the clothing radical \[衣\]." > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 7.41](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.7.41) - [Next: 7.43](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.7.43) - [Up: 7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.7) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131~en-mt.7.42) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (1) - [道宣律師感通錄](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2107.1.33) — Classical Chinese --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.7.42](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.7.42) · Pramāṇa