[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [貞元新定釋教目錄](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2157) › 1.55 # 貞元新定釋教目錄 1.55 貞元新定釋教目錄 1.55 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [1.55.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2157.1.55.1) 四十二章經一卷（永平十年丁卯於白馬寺與法蘭共譯初出舊錄云孝明皇帝四十二章） 右一部一卷其本見在。 沙門迦葉摩騰。或云竺葉摩騰。亦云攝摩騰。 群錄互存未詳孰是。先來不譯所以備彰。中 印度人。婆羅門種。幼而聰敏。博學多聞。思力 精拔。特明經律。嘗遊西印度有一小國。請 騰講金光明經。俄而隣國興師而來。既將 踐境輒有事礙兵不能進。彼國兵眾疑有異 術密遣使覘。但見群臣安然共聽其所講大 乘經明地神王護國之法。於是彼國請和上 求法。明帝以永平七年甲子。夢見金人身長 丈六項佩日輪光明赫奕飛在殿前。明日博 問群臣。此何神異。通人傅毅進奏對云。 臣聞西域有得道者。號之曰佛。陛下所夢將 必是乎。帝以為然。詔遣郎中蔡愔郎將秦景 博士弟子王遵等一十八人。往適天竺尋訪 佛法。於大月支國與摩騰相遇。時蔡愔等固 請於騰。遂與同來至于洛邑。明帝甚加賞接。 所將佛經及獲畫像。馱以白馬同到洛陽。因 起伽藍名白馬寺。諸州競立報白馬思。騰於 白馬寺出四十二章經。初緘蘭臺石室第十 四間內。自爾釋教相繼雲興。沙門信士接踵 傳譯。依錄而編。即是漢地經法之祖也。舊錄 云。此經本是外國經抄元出大部。撮要引俗 似孝經十八章。出舊錄及朱士行錄僧祐出 三藏記等。道安錄中不載。騰以大化初至人 未深信。蘊其妙解不即多翻。且撮經要以導 時俗。騰後終於洛陽。載其由委備如朱士行 漢錄及高僧傳等。昇尋錄之源始意述譯經 之來。須有由致故傍採眾說以廣異聞。雖於 文為繁而緣敘備矣。 十地斷結經八卷（或四卷亦云十住初出與竺佛念十住斷結經同本永平十三年出見朱 士行漢錄及高僧傳長房錄等） 法海藏經一卷（一本無藏字初出與法海經等同本見高僧傳及長房錄等） 佛本行經五卷（永平十一年出見高僧傳及長房錄等） 佛本生經一卷（見高僧傳及長房錄等） 右四部一十五卷其本並闕。 沙門竺法蘭。亦中印度人。自言誦經論數萬 章。為天竺學者之師。時蔡愔既至彼國。蘭與 摩騰共契遊化。遂相隨而來會。彼學徒留礙 蘭乃間行而至。既達洛與騰同止。少時便 善漢言。初共騰譯四十二章經。騰卒。蘭自譯 十地斷結經等四部。昔前漢帝穿昆明池底 得黑灰。問東方朔。朔云。非臣所知可問西域 胡人。法蘭既至追以問之。蘭云。此是劫燒時 灰。朔言有徵。信者甚眾。又秦景使還於月支 國得釋迦像。是優填王栴檀像師第四作也。 來至洛陽帝即勅令圖寫。置清涼臺及顯節 陵上供養。自爾丹素流演迄今。蘭後終於洛 陽。時年六十餘矣。又長房等錄云。蘭譯二百 六十戒合異二卷者不然。細詳名目非蘭所 翻。委求同異如下別錄闕本中述。 道行般若波羅蜜經十卷（題云摩訶般若波羅蜜道行經亦云般若道行品經 或八卷初出與明度小品及大般若第四會等同本光和二年七月八日出見敏祐二錄） 無量清淨平等覺經二卷（亦直云無量清淨經第二出與大阿彌陀及寶積無 量壽會等并同本見吳錄） 阿閦佛國經二卷（建和元年譯或一卷初出與寶積不動如來會等同本見朱士行漢錄及 僧祐錄亦云阿閦佛剎諸菩薩學戒品經或無國字） 佛遺日摩尼寶經一卷（安公云出方等部初與寶積普明菩薩會等同本一名古 品遺日說般若經一名大寶積經一名摩訶述寶嚴經見僧祐長房二錄） 般舟三昧經三卷（一名十方見在佛悉在前立定經舊稱云大般舟三昧經或二卷光和 二年譯初出與大集賢護經等同本見聶道真錄及吳錄） 兜沙經一卷（見僧祐錄吳錄是華嚴經名號品異譯） 伅真陀羅所問經二卷（初出伅真陀羅所問寶如來三昧經舊錄云伅真陀羅尼 王經或三卷初出與大樹緊那羅經同本安錄無見朱士行漢錄及僧祐錄） 阿闍世王經二卷（初出與普超三昧經等同本見僧祐錄安云出長阿含者非也） 內藏百寶經二卷（亦云內藏百品初出與世高譯者小異安公云出方等部見僧祐錄） > Sūtra in Forty-Two Chapters, one fascicle (translated jointly with Falan at the Baima Temple in the tenth year of the Yongping era \[67 CE\], cyclical year dingmao; first translation; the Old Catalogue refers to it as Emperor Xiaoming's Forty-Two Chapters). > The above one work in one fascicle is presently extant. > Śramaṇa Kāśyapa Mātaṅga (also called Zhu Yemoteng, and also called Shemoteng; > various catalogues preserve different names, and it is not clear which is correct; because it was formerly left untranslated, it is fully detailed here). He was a person of Central India, of the brāhmaṇa caste. In his youth he was intelligent and sharp, learned, and broad of hearing, with refined and outstanding cognitive ability, particularly illuminating the sūtras and vinaya. He once travelled in Western India, where there was a small state that invited Mātaṅga to lecture on the Suvarṇaprabhāsa-sūtra. Soon after, a neighbouring state raised an army and came to attack; as they were about to cross the border, there was suddenly an obstacle and the troops could not advance. The army of that state suspected there was some uncanny art, and secretly sent an emissary to spy on them. They saw only the assembled ministers peacefully listening together to his exposition of the Mahāyāna sūtra explaining the method by which the earth-spirit kings protect the realm. Thereupon that state requested peace and sought the Dharma. In the seventh year of the Yongping era \[64 CE\], cyclical year jiazi, Emperor Ming dreamed of a golden man sixteen feet tall, with a sun disc around his neck, shining brightly, flying before the palace hall. The next day he broadly questioned his assembled ministers: “What divine marvel is this?” The erudite Fu Yi stepped forward and addressed the throne in reply, saying: “Your subject has heard that in the Western Regions there is one who attained the Way, styled the Buddha. Might what Your Majesty dreamed be him?” The Emperor took it to be so, and issued an edict dispatching eighteen men, including the Gentleman of the Interior Cai Yin, the General of the Household Qin Jing, and the Disciples of the Erudites Wang Zun and others, to journey to India to seek out the Buddhadharma. In the realm of the Great Yuezhi, they encountered Mātaṅga. At that time, Cai Yin and the others earnestly petitioned Mātaṅga, and he accordingly came with them, arriving at Luoyi. Emperor Ming received and treated him with great appreciation. The Buddhist sūtras they brought and the painted images they obtained were borne on white horses and arrived together in Luoyang. Consequently, a saṅghārāma was erected, named the Baima (White Horse) Temple. Various prefectures vied to establish temples in requital of the favor of the white horses. At the Baima Temple, Mātaṅga produced the Sūtra in Forty-Two Chapters. It was initially stored inside the fourteenth compartment of the stone chamber of the Lantai (Orchid Terrace). From then on, the teachings of Śākya arose consecutively like clouds, and śramaṇas and faithful laymen followed on each other's heels in transmission and translation. Arranged according to the catalogues, this is indeed the ancestor of the scriptures and Dharma in the Han land. An old catalogue states: “This sūtra was originally an extract from foreign scriptures, fundamentally drawn from a large work; it gathered the essentials to guide common folk, resembling the Classic of Filial Piety in eighteen chapters.” It is found in the Old Catalogue, Zhu Shixing's Catalogue, Sengyou's Chu sanzang ji \[ji\], and elsewhere; it is not recorded in Dao'an's catalogue. Mātaṅga, considering that the Great Transformation had only just arrived and people did not yet have deep faith, kept his subtle understanding concealed and did not immediately translate extensively; he merely condensed the essentials of the scripture to guide the customs of the time. Mātaṅga later died in Luoyang. The detailed account of its origin is fully recorded in Zhu Shixing's Han Catalogue, the Gaoseng zhuan (Biographies of Eminent Monks), and elsewhere. When Sheng traced the origins of the catalogues, his initial intention was to narrate how the translated scriptures came to be, which required giving the causes and circumstances; therefore, he broadly gathered various accounts to widen knowledge of rare matters. Although it makes for verbose text, the narrative of the circumstances is complete. > > Sūtra on the Severance of Fetters in the Ten Stages, eight fascicles (also in four fascicles; also called Ten Abodes; first translation; the same text as Zhu Fonian's Sūtra on the Severance of Fetters in the Ten Abodes; produced in the thirteenth year of the Yongping era \[70 CE\]; seen in Zhu Shixing's Han Catalogue, the Gaoseng zhuan, Fei Changfang's catalogue, etc.). > Ocean of Dharma Treasury Sūtra, one fascicle (one copy lacks the character zang \[treasury\]; first translation; the same text as the Ocean of Dharma Sūtra, etc.; seen in the Gaoseng zhuan, Fei Changfang's catalogue, etc.). > Sūtra on the Former Actions of the Buddha, five fascicles (produced in the eleventh year of the Yongping era \[68 CE\]; seen in the Gaoseng zhuan, Fei Changfang's catalogue, etc.). > Sūtra on the Previous Lives of the Buddha, one fascicle (seen in the Gaoseng zhuan, Fei Changfang's catalogue, etc.). > The above four works in fifteen fascicles are all lacking their texts. > Śramaṇa Zhu Falan was also a person of Central India. He said of himself that he recited tens of thousands of sections of sūtras and śāstras and served as a master to Indian scholars. When Cai Yin arrived in that country, Falan joined Mātaṅga in agreeing to travel and convert, and so followed along to come. Encountering his disciples who held him back and obstructed him, Falan came by travelling along secluded paths. Having reached Luoyang, he resided together with Mātaṅga. After a short time he became skilled in the Han language. At first he translated the Sūtra in Forty-Two Chapters together with Mātaṅga. When Mātaṅga passed away, Falan translated four works by himself, including the Sūtra on the Severance of Fetters in the Ten Stages. In the past, when the Former Han Emperor dug the bottom of the Kunming Pool, he found black ash and asked Dongfang Shuo. Shuo said: “This is not something your subject knows; you may ask the barbarians of the Western Regions.” When Falan arrived, he was subsequently questioned about it. Falan said: “This is the ash from the conflagration at the end of the kalpa.” Shuo's words were thus verified, and those who believed were very numerous. Furthermore, when the envoy Qin Jing returned from the Yuezhi country, he obtained a statue of Śākya, which was the fourth replica made by the craftsmen of King Udayana's sandalwood statue. Arriving in Luoyang, the Emperor immediately ordered that it be painted and copied, and placed it upon the Qingliang Terrace and the Xianjie Tomb for making offerings. From then on, painting \[the Buddha\] has spread down to the present day. Falan later died in Luoyang at an age of over sixty. Furthermore, Changfang and other catalogues state that Falan translated the Comparison of Differences in the Two Hundred and Sixty Precepts in two fascicles; this is not so. A close examination of the titles shows it was not translated by Falan. The detailed search into similarities and differences is narrated below in the Detailed Catalogue of Missing Texts. > > Sūtra on the Practice of the Perfection of Wisdom, ten fascicles (titled Mahāprajñāpāramitā Sūtra on the Practice of the Way, also called Prajñā Sūtra Chapter on the Practice of the Way; or eight fascicles; first translation; the same text as the Mingdu, the Aṣṭasāhasrikā, and the Fourth Assembly of the Mahāprajñāpāramitā-sūtra; produced on the eighth day of the seventh month in the second year of the Guanghe era \[179 CE\]; seen in the two catalogues of Daozhi and Sengyou). > Sūtra on the Immeasurable, Pure, Equal, and Perfect Enlightenment, two fascicles (also called simply the Immeasurable and Pure Sūtra; second translation; the same text as the Large Amitābha and the Assembly of the Immeasurable Life in the Ratnakūṭa; seen in the Wu Catalogue). > Sūtra of Akṣobhya Buddha's Land, two fascicles (translated in the first year of the Jianhe era \[147 CE\]; or one fascicle; first translation; the same text as the Assembly of Tathāgata Akṣobhya in the Ratnakūṭa; seen in Zhu Shixing's Han Catalogue and Sengyou's catalogue; also called Sūtra Chapter on the Training in Precepts of Bodhisattvas in the Buddha-field of Akṣobhya; or without the character guo \[land\]). > Sūtra of the Maṇi Gem Left Behind by the Sun, one fascicle (Master Dao'an says it emerges from the Vaipulya section; first translation; the same text as the Assembly of Samantamukha Bodhisattva in the Ratnakūṭa; also named Ancient Chapter of the Sūtra on the Prajñā Spoken by Yiri; also named Mahāratnakūṭa-sūtra; also named Mahā-adornment of Jewels Sūtra; seen in the two catalogues of Sengyou and Fei Changfang). > Pratyutpanna-samādhi-sūtra, three fascicles (also named Sūtra on the Samādhi Where the Presently Abiding Buddhas of the Ten Directions All Stand Before One; formerly called Large Pratyutpanna-samādhi-sūtra; or two fascicles; translated in the second year of the Guanghe era \[179 CE\]; first translation; the same text as the Bhadrapāla Sūtra in the Mahāsaṃnipāta; seen in Nie Daozhen's catalogue and the Wu Catalogue). > Dousha Sūtra, one fascicle (seen in Sengyou's catalogue and the Wu Catalogue; an alternate translation of the Chapter on Names in the Avataṃsaka-sūtra). > Sūtra of the Questions of Druma\[-kiṃnara-rāja\], two fascicles (first translation; Sūtra on the Ratnatathāgata Samādhi Asked by Druma; the Old Catalogue refers to it as Sūtra of King Druma Dhāraṇī; or three fascicles; first translation; the same text as the Mahādruma-kiṃnara-rāja-paripṛcchā-sūtra; absent in Dao'an's catalogue; seen in Zhu Shixing's Han Catalogue and Sengyou's catalogue). > Ajātaśatru-rāja-sūtra, two fascicles (first translation; the same text as the Samantamukhanirhāra-samādhi-sūtra, etc.; seen in Sengyou's catalogue; Dao'an's statement that it comes from the Dīrgha-āgama is incorrect). > Sūtra of the Hundred Treasures of the Inner Storehouse, two fascicles (also called Hundred Chapters of the Inner Storehouse; first translation; slightly different from An Shigao's translation; Master Dao'an says it comes from the Vaipulya section; seen in Sengyou's catalogue). > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.55.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2157.1.55.2) 文殊師利問菩薩署經一卷（亦直云問署經見僧祐錄及吳錄安云出方等 部） 新譬喻經一卷（凡十一事祐云失譯房見別錄已上見在已下闕） 大方等大集經二十七卷（初出與曇無讖等出同本見李廓錄） 般舟三昧經一卷（是後十品重翻祐有此一卷無三卷者靜泰錄或加大字第三出祐錄云 光和二年十月八日出） 梵般泥洹經二卷（或一卷初出與大般涅槃經等同本見朱士行漢錄或加大字第三胡 般改為梵） 象腋經一卷（初出見法上錄） 諸法勇王經一卷（初出見法上錄） 光明三昧經一卷（初出祐云出錄安房云亦見吳錄） 孛本經二卷（初出見僧祐錄） 首楞嚴經二卷（中平二年十月八日出第一譯又云三卷見朱士行漢錄及僧祐錄吳錄） 大方便報恩經一卷（出吳錄） 阿闍世王問五逆經一卷（亦云阿闍世王經初出見長房錄） 禪經一卷（初出房云見別錄） 阿育王太子壞目因緣經一卷（佛涅槃後一百餘年育王方出故非 佛說或無經字初出見長房錄） 右二十三部六十七卷（雜譬喻上一十部二十六卷見在大集經下一 十二部四十卷闕本）。 沙門支婁迦讖。亦直云支讖。月支國人。操行 純深性度開敏。稟持法戒以精懃著名。諷誦 群經志在宣法。桓靈之代遊于洛陽。從桓帝 建和元年丁亥。至靈帝中平三年景寅。於洛 陽譯道行等經二十三部。審得本旨曾不加 飾。可謂善宣法要弘道之士也。河南清信士 孟福張蓮筆受。而舊譯云胡般泥洹者竊所 未安。上代翻經已來賢德筆受。每至度語無 不稱云譯胡為漢。胡乃是西天邊俗類此之 有氐羌今乃稱胡。豈關印度。深為楚越可不 詳焉。但佛所說經皆合稱為梵本。梵者此言 清淨。昔劫初時梵世光音天來下彼土有食 地肥者。身重不得復去因遂為人。即五天之 本祖也。仍其天號而立稱焉。若彼稱胡理將 何出。但彼稱梵語如此土所謂漢言。蓋有所 憑非為謬耳。如舊日僧悉稱俗姓。從符秦世 有沙門道安。獨拔當時居然超悟云。既剃落 紹繼釋迦子而異父。豈曰承襲。今出家宜悉 稱釋。及翻四含其文果云。四姓出家同一釋 種。眾咸歎伏（四姓者一剎帝利二婆羅門三毘舍四戍達羅）。 而安正當晉秦之世刊定目錄刪經論。自號 彌天。楷摸季葉。猶言譯胡為秦有五失三不 易。此蓋通人一蔽未盡美歟。上代已來有胡 言處。今並改為梵字。庶無紕謬使談者得其 正焉。 又長房等錄。支讖譯中復有大寶積經一卷。 今以與佛遺日摩尼寶經既是同本不合再 出。又尋文句非讖所翻。別錄之中皆為失譯。 今依別錄為正故讖錄除之。 大乘方等要慧經一卷（初出與寶積彌勒問八法會同本見長房錄） 太子慕魄經一卷（初出六度集中異譯見長房錄） 長者子制經一卷（一名制經初出與逝童子經等同本見長房錄） 寶積三昧文殊問法身經一卷（一名遺日寶三昧文殊師利菩薩 問法身經初出與法界體性經同本見長房錄） 自誓三昧經一卷（題下注云獨證品第四出比丘淨行中初出與法護出者大同小異見長 房錄） 溫室洗浴眾僧經一卷（亦直云溫室經初出見長房錄） 明度五十校計經二卷（或直云明度校計亦直云五十校計元嘉元年出見朱 士行漢錄及僧祐錄） 佛印三昧經一卷（見長房錄） 八大人覺經一卷（見寶唱錄） 舍利弗悔過經一卷（亦直云悔過經初出見長房錄） 人本欲生經一卷（永壽二年出長阿含第十卷異譯道安注解兼製序見朱士行漢錄及僧 祐錄） 尸迦羅越六向拜經一卷（或云尸迦羅越六方禮經出長阿含第十一卷異譯 見長房錄） 長阿含十報法經二卷（一名多增道章經或直云十報經出長阿含第九卷異 譯舊錄亦云出長阿含見僧祐錄） 一切流攝守因經一卷（出中阿含第二卷異譯舊錄云一切流攝經吳錄云流攝 守因經亦云受固亦有云流攝亦云一切流攝守固見朱士行及僧祐） 四諦經一卷（出中阿含第七卷異譯見僧祐錄安公云出長阿含者或誤也） > Sūtra of Mañjuśrī's Questions on the Bodhisattva's Offices, in one fascicle (also simply called Sūtra of Questions on Offices; found in Sengyou's Catalogue and the Wu Catalogue; \[Dao\]an states it comes from the Vaipulya section). > New Sūtra of Parables, in one fascicle (consisting of eleven stories; \[Seng\]you notes the translator is lost; \[Fei Chang\]fang notes it appears in the Detailed Catalogue; the above are extant, the following are lost). > Mahāvaipulya Mahāsaṃnipāta-sūtra, in twenty-seven fascicles (first translation, from the same original as Dharmakṣema's translation; found in Li Kuo's Catalogue). > Pratyutpanna-buddha-saṃmukhāvasthita-samādhi-sūtra, in one fascicle (this is a re-translation of the latter ten chapters; \[Seng\]you lists this one-fascicle version but lacks the three-fascicle one; Jingtai's Catalogue sometimes prefixes the character "Great"; third translation; Sengyou's Catalogue notes it was produced on the eighth day of the tenth month of the second year of Guanghe). > Brahma Parinirvāṇa Sūtra, in two fascicles (or one fascicle; first translation, from the same original as the Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra; found in Zhu Shixing's Han Catalogue; sometimes prefixed with the character "Great"; the third \[character\] Hu \[was altered to\] Ban \[Parinirvāṇa\], here changed to Brahma). > Hastikakṣya-sūtra, in one fascicle (first translation; found in Fashang's Catalogue). > Sarvadharmavīrarāja-sūtra, in one fascicle (first translation; found in Fashang's Catalogue). > Prabhāsa-samādhi-sūtra, in one fascicle (first translation; \[Seng\]you states it appears in a catalogue; \[Dao\]an and \[Chang\]fang state it also appears in the Wu Catalogue). > Bobei ben jing, in two fascicles (first translation; found in Sengyou's Catalogue). > Śūraṅgama-sūtra, in two fascicles (produced on the eighth day of the tenth month of the second year of Zhongping; first translation; also said to be in three fascicles; found in Zhu Shixing's Han Catalogue, Sengyou's Catalogue, and the Wu Catalogue). > Mahā-upāyakauśalya-kṛtajñatā-sūtra, in one fascicle (found in the Wu Catalogue). > Sūtra on King Ajātaśatru's Questions on the Five Inexpiable Sins, in one fascicle (also called King Ajātaśatru Sūtra; first translation; found in Changfang's Catalogue). > Dhyāna-sūtra, in one fascicle (first translation; \[Fei Chang\]fang notes it appears in the Detailed Catalogue). > Sūtra on the Causes and Conditions of King Aśoka's Crown Prince Having His Eyes Plucked Out, in one fascicle (King Aśoka appeared only more than a hundred years after the Buddha's nirvāṇa, so this was not spoken by the Buddha; sometimes lacks the word "Sūtra"; first translation; found in Changfang's Catalogue). > The twenty-three texts in sixty-seven fascicles above (the eleven texts in twenty-six fascicles above the Za piyu are extant; the twelve texts in forty fascicles below the Daji jing are lost texts). > Śramaṇa Lokakṣema, also simply called Zhi Chen, was a native of the Yuezhi kingdom. His conduct was pure and deep, and his nature open and quick. Upholding the Dharma and precepts, he was renowned for diligence. Chanting the various sūtras, his aim lay in propagating the Dharma. During the reigns of Emperors Huan and Ling, he traveled to Luoyang. From the first year of Jianhe, a dinghai year, of Emperor Huan, to the third year of Zhongping, a bingyin year, of Emperor Ling, he translated twenty-three texts including the Daoxing \[bore jing\] in Luoyang. He accurately captured the original purport without adding embellishments; he can truly be called a gentleman who excelled at expounding the essentials of the Dharma and propagating the Path. The pure believers Meng Fu and Zhang Lian of Henan served as the scribes. However, as for the old translation referring to "Hu \[Barbarian\] Parinirvāṇa," I personally find it problematic. Since the translation of scriptures in former ages, whenever virtuous sages received text with brush in hand, at every translation they invariably spoke of "translating Hu into Han." "Hu" refers merely to the frontier customs of the Western regions, akin to the Di and Qiang of this land. To now label it "Hu," how does that pertain to India? The divergence is as profound as between Chu and Yue—how could one not examine it carefully? All sūtras spoken by the Buddha should properly be termed "Brahma texts" (Fanben). "Fan" here means pure. Formerly, at the beginning of the kalpa, beings descended from the Ābhāsvara Heaven of the Brahma realm to that land. Those who ate the fat of the earth became heavy in body and could not return; they thereupon became humans. They are the original ancestors of the Five Indias. Their designation was established based on their heavenly title. If they are called "Hu," what principle could account for it? It is simply that they call it "Brahma speech," just as this land refers to "Han language." There is indeed a basis for this, and it is not an error. Just as in former days, monks were all called by their secular surnames. In the reign of Fu Qin, there was the śramaṇa Dao'an, who stood out remarkably in his day and had an extraordinary awakening, stating: "Having shaved the head and inherited the lineage of the Śākya clan, if sons bear different names from their father, how can that be called succession? Today, those who leave household life should all take the surname Shi (Śākya)." Later, when the four Āgamas were translated, the text indeed stated: "The four castes who leave household life belong equally to the Śākya clan." The multitude all sighed in admiration. (The four castes are: first, Kṣatriya; second, Brāhmaṇa; third, Vaiśya; and fourth, Śūdra). > Now, Dao'an lived precisely during the Jin and Qin eras; he fixed the catalogue and redacted sūtras and treatises, giving himself the title "Vast as Heaven" (Mitian), a model for later generations. Yet he still spoke of "translating Hu into Qin has five losses and three difficulties." This was merely a blind spot of a learned man, not entirely free of flaw. Wherever "Hu speech" appears from former ages onward, it is now emended to the character "Fan" (Brahma), in the hope of avoiding error and allowing commentators to obtain correctness. > Furthermore, according to catalogues such as Changfang's, among Lokakṣema's translations there is also a Mahāratnakūṭa-sūtra in one fascicle. Now, since it is from the same original as the Yiri moni bao jing, it should not be listed again. Moreover, examining the phrasing, it was not translated by \[Loka\]kṣema; other catalogues all treat it as an anonymous translation. Following the Detailed Catalogue as authoritative, it is hereby removed from \[Loka\]kṣema's catalogue. > Mahāyāna-vaipulya Essential Wisdom Sūtra, in one fascicle (first translation; from the same original as the Assembly of Maitreya's Questions on the Eight Dharmas in the Ratnakūṭa; found in Changfang's Catalogue). > Crown Prince Mupo Sūtra, in one fascicle (first translation; an alternate translation from the Liudu ji; found in Changfang's Catalogue). > Sūtra on the Elder's Son Zhi, in one fascicle (also called Zhi jing; first translation; from the same original as the Shi tongzi jing; found in Changfang's Catalogue). > Ratnakūṭa Samādhi Sūtra on Mañjuśrī's Questions on the Dharmakāya, in one fascicle (also called Yiri bao sanmei wenshushili pusa wen fashen jing; first translation; from the same original as the Fajie tixing jing; found in Changfang's Catalogue). > Self-Vow Samādhi Sūtra, in one fascicle (a note below the title reads: "Chapter Four, The Unique Realization; extracted from the Pure Conduct of Bhikṣus"; first translation; largely identical with Dharmarakṣa's version with minor variations; found in Changfang's Catalogue). > Sūtra on Bathing the Monks in the Bathhouse, in one fascicle (also simply called Bathhouse Sūtra; first translation; found in Changfang's Catalogue). > Sūtra of Fifty Calculations on the Radiance of Insight, in two fascicles (also simply called Calculations on the Radiance of Insight, or simply Fifty Calculations; produced in the first year of Yuanjia; found in Zhu Shixing's Han Catalogue and Sengyou's Catalogue). > Sūtra of the Buddha Seal Samādhi, in one fascicle (found in Changfang's Catalogue). > Sūtra on the Eight Realizations of the Great Beings, in one fascicle (found in Baochang's Catalogue). > Śāriputra's Repentance Sūtra, in one fascicle (also simply called Repentance Sūtra; first translation; found in Changfang's Catalogue). > Sūtra on the Origin of Human Desires, in one fascicle (produced in the second year of Yongshou; an alternate translation of fascicle ten of the Dīrghāgama; annotated with a preface by Dao'an; found in Zhu Shixing's Han Catalogue and Sengyou's Catalogue). > Sūtra on Sigāla's Prostrations to the Six Directions, in one fascicle (also called Sūtra on Sigāla's Worship of the Six Directions; an alternate translation of fascicle eleven of the Dīrghāgama; found in Changfang's Catalogue). > Dīrghāgama Sūtra on the Ten Retributions, in two fascicles (also called Duozeng dao zhang jing, or simply Sūtra on the Ten Retributions; an alternate translation of fascicle nine of the Dīrghāgama; old catalogues also state it comes from the Dīrghāgama; found in Sengyou's Catalogue). > Sūtra on Restraining and Guarding the Causes of All Inflows, in one fascicle (an alternate translation of fascicle two of the Madhyamāgama; old catalogues call it Sūtra on Restraining All Inflows; the Wu Catalogue calls it Sūtra on Restraining and Guarding Inflows, or also Shougu; some also have Restraining Inflows or Restraining and Firmly Guarding All Inflows; found in Zhu Shixing and Sengyou). > Sūtra on the Four Truths, in one fascicle (an alternate translation of fascicle seven of the Madhyamāgama; found in Sengyou's Catalogue; Master \[Dao\]an's statement that it comes from the Dīrghāgama is perhaps an error). > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.55.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2157.1.55.3) 本相倚致經一卷（出中阿含第十卷異譯吳錄云大相倚致與本致經同本或作倚字見朱 士行漢錄及僧祐錄） 是法非法經一卷（出中阿含第二十一卷異譯見士行僧祐二錄） 漏分布經一卷（出中阿含第二十七卷異譯見朱士行漢錄及僧祐錄安云出長阿含者或誤 也） 婆羅門子命終愛念不離經一卷（出中阿含第十六卷異譯見長 房錄） 十支居士八城人經一卷（出中阿含第六十卷異譯見長房錄） 普法義經一卷（亦云普義經一名具法行經普法義作舍利日俱法行作舍利弗餘並同云出 中阿含元嘉二年出與唐廣義法門經同本見朱士行僧祐二錄） 婆羅門避死經一卷（出增一阿含第二十六卷異譯見長房錄） 阿那邠𮟴化七子經一卷（出增一阿含第四十九卷異譯見長房錄） 阿難同學經一卷（題云出增一阿含檢無見長房錄） 七處三觀經一卷（出增一阿含中首末總三十經從初標名故也或二卷元嘉元年出見 朱士行漢錄及僧祐錄） 五陰譬喻經一卷（或無譬字一名水沫所漂經出雜阿含第七卷異譯見朱士行漢錄僧 祐錄） 轉法輪經一卷（或云法輪輪轉經出雜阿含第十五卷異譯與其本經後同前異見僧祐錄） 八正道經一卷（出雜阿含第二十六卷異譯見士行僧祐二錄） 摩鄧女經一卷（或名摩耶女一名阿難為蠱道女惑經見長房錄初出與摩鄧伽經等同本） 鬼問目連經一卷（初出與餓鬼報應經同本見長房錄） 阿難問事佛吉凶經一卷（或云阿難問事經亦云事佛吉凶經見長房錄初出 與阿難分別經等同本） 奈女祇域因緣經一卷（初出或無因緣字亦云奈女見房錄） 罪業應報教化地獄經一卷（初出或云地獄報應經見長房錄） 堅意經一卷（初出一名堅心正意亦名堅心經見長房錄） 大安般守意經二卷（或一卷或無守意字或云安般經安公云小安般兼注解及製序祐 錄別載大安般一卷房錄更載一卷重也見士行僧祐李廓三錄） 陰持入經二卷（或一卷祐云際持入誤也亦云注陰持入安公注解製序房錄陰持入外別 存際持入者誤也見士行僧祐二錄） 處處經一卷（見長房錄） 罵意經一卷（見長房錄） 分別善惡所起經一卷（見長房錄） 出家緣經一卷（一名出家因緣經見長房錄） 阿鋡正行經一卷（一名正意經見長房錄） 十八泥犁經一卷（或云十八地獄經見長房錄） 法受塵經一卷（見僧祐錄） 禪行法想經一卷（見僧祐寶唱二錄） 長者子懊惱三處經一卷（一名長者夭惱三處經亦直云三處惱經見長房錄） 揵陀國王經一卷（或無國字見長房錄） 父母恩難報經一卷（亦云勤報見長房錄出中阿含檢無） 九橫經一卷（房云出中阿含撿無見長房錄） 禪行三十七經一卷（或加品字見寶唱錄） 犯戒報應輕重經一卷（出目連問毘尼經亦云犯戒罪報輕重或云目連問經見 長房錄） 大比丘三千威儀經一卷（或四卷亦云僧威儀經） 道地經一卷（初出加大字見僧祐錄） 迦葉結經一卷（初出見長房錄） 阿毘曇五法行經一卷（或無行字見僧祐錄已上見存已下闕本） 無量壽經二卷（初出與寶積無量壽等同本房云見別錄） 如幻三昧經二卷（或一卷初出與寶積善住意會等同本見長房錄） 月燈三昧經二卷（出大日燈經第七異譯見長房錄） 十二因緣經一卷（初出亦云聞城十二因緣經見僧祐錄） 內藏經一卷（第二出一名內藏百品或云百寶元嘉二年十月出見朱士行錄） 四不可得經一卷（初出或無可字見房錄） > \*Ben xiangyi zhi jing\*, in one fascicle (different translation from fascicle 10 of the \*Madhyama-āgama\*; the \*Wu Catalogue\* calls it \*Da xiangyi zhi\*, being the same text as the \*Benzhi jing\*, or written with the character \*yi\* \[倚\]; found in the Han catalogue of Zhu Shixing and the catalogue of Sengyou) > \*Shifa feifa jing\*, in one fascicle (different translation from fascicle 21 of the \*Madhyama-āgama\*; found in the two catalogues of Zhu Shixing and Sengyou) > \*Lou fenbu jing\*, in one fascicle (different translation from fascicle 27 of the \*Madhyama-āgama\*; found in the Han catalogue of Zhu Shixing and the catalogue of Sengyou; Dao'an's statement that it comes from the \*Dīrgha-āgama\* is perhaps an error) > \*Poluomen zi mingzhong ainian buli jing\*, in one fascicle (different translation from fascicle 16 of the \*Madhyama-āgama\*; found in Fei Changfang's catalogue) > \*Shizhi jushi bacheng ren jing\*, in one fascicle (different translation from fascicle 60 of the \*Madhyama-āgama\*; found in Fei Changfang's catalogue) > \*Pu fayi jing\*, in one fascicle (also called \*Pu yi jing\*, and alternatively titled \*Ju faxing jing\*; \*Pu fayi\* has "Śāri" \[日 for 子\], \*Ju faxing\* has "Śāriputra", with the rest identical; stated to come from the \*Madhyama-āgama\*; produced in the second year of Yuanjia; same text as the Tang \*Guangyi famen jing\*; found in the two catalogues of Zhu Shixing and Sengyou) > \*Poluomen bisi jing\*, in one fascicle (different translation from fascicle 26 of the \*Ekottarika-āgama\*; found in Fei Changfang's catalogue) > \*Anabindi hua qizi jing\*, in one fascicle (different translation from fascicle 49 of the \*Ekottarika-āgama\*; found in Fei Changfang's catalogue) > \*Anan tongxue jing\*, in one fascicle (the title says it comes from the \*Ekottarika-āgama\*, but upon checking, it is not there; found in Fei Changfang's catalogue) > \*Qichu sanguan jing\*, in one fascicle (from the \*Ekottarika-āgama\*; thirty sūtras in total from beginning to end, titled after the opening; or in two fascicles; produced in the first year of Yuanjia; found in the Han catalogue of Zhu Shixing and the catalogue of Sengyou) > \*Wuyin piyu jing\*, in one fascicle (or without the character \*pi\*; alternatively titled \*Shuimo suo piao jing\*; different translation from fascicle 7 of the \*Saṃyukta-āgama\*; found in the Han catalogue of Zhu Shixing and the catalogue of Sengyou) > \*Zhuan falun jing\*, in one fascicle (or called \*Falun lunzhuan jing\*; different translation from fascicle 15 of the \*Saṃyukta-āgama\*; identical to the root text in the latter part but differing in the former; found in Sengyou's catalogue) > \*Bazhengdao jing\*, in one fascicle (different translation from fascicle 26 of the \*Saṃyukta-āgama\*; found in the two catalogues of Zhu Shixing and Sengyou) > \*Modeng nü jing\*, in one fascicle (or titled \*Moye nü\*; alternatively titled \*Anan wei gudaonü huo jing\*; found in Fei Changfang's catalogue; first translation, same text as the \*Mātaṅga-sūtra\*, etc.) > \*Gui wen M Compose lian jing\*, in one fascicle (first translation, same text as the \*Egui baoying jing\*; found in Fei Changfang's catalogue) > \*Anan wen shi fo jixiong jing\*, in one fascicle (or called \*Anan wen shi jing\*, also called \*Shi fo jixiong jing\*; found in Fei Changfang's catalogue; first translation, same text as the \*Anan fenbie jing\*, etc.) > \*Nainü Qiyu yinyuan jing\*, in one fascicle (first translation; or without the characters \*yinyuan\*; also called \*Nainü\*; found in Fei Changfang's catalogue) > \*Zuiye yingbao jiaohua diyu jing\*, in one fascicle (first translation; or called \*Diyu baoying jing\*; found in Fei Changfang's catalogue) > \*Jianyi jing\*, in one fascicle (first translation; alternatively titled \*Jianxin zhengyi\*, also titled \*Jianxin jing\*; found in Fei Changfang's catalogue) > \*Da anban shouyi jing\*, in two fascicles (or in one fascicle; or without the characters \*shouyi\*; or called \*Anban jing\*; Master Dao'an calls it \*Xiao anban\*, together with commentary and preface; Sengyou's catalogue separately records a \*Da anban\* in one fascicle; Fei Changfang's catalogue redundantly records another in one fascicle; found in the three catalogues of Zhu Shixing, Sengyou, and Li Kuo) > \*Yin chiru jing\*, in two fascicles (or in one fascicle; Sengyou calls it \*Jichiru\*, which is an error; also called \*Zhu yin chiru\*, with Master Dao'an's commentary and preface; Fei Changfang's catalogue separately retains \*Jichiru\* apart from \*Yin chiru\*, which is an error; found in the two catalogues of Zhu Shixing and Sengyou) > \*Chuchu jing\*, in one fascicle (found in Fei Changfang's catalogue) > \*Mayi jing\*, in one fascicle (found in Fei Changfang's catalogue) > \*Fenbie shan'e suoqi jing\*, in one fascicle (found in Fei Changfang's catalogue) > \*Chujia yuan jing\*, in one fascicle (alternatively titled \*Chujia yinyuan jing\*; found in Fei Changfang's catalogue) > \*Ahan zhengxing jing\*, in one fascicle (alternatively titled \*Zhengyi jing\*; found in Fei Changfang's catalogue) > \*Shiba nili jing\*, in one fascicle (or called \*Shiba diyu jing\*; found in Fei Changfang's catalogue) > \*Fashou chen jing\*, in one fascicle (found in Sengyou's catalogue) > \*Chanxing faxiang jing\*, in one fascicle (found in the two catalogues of Sengyou and Baochang) > \*Zhangzhe zi aonao sanchu jing\*, in one fascicle (alternatively titled \*Zhangzhe yaonao sanchu jing\*; also directly called \*Sanchu nao jing\*; found in Fei Changfang's catalogue) > \*Qiantuo guowang jing\*, in one fascicle (or without the character \*guo\*; found in Fei Changfang's catalogue) > \*Fumu en nanbao jing\*, in one fascicle (also called \*Qinbao\*; found in Fei Changfang's catalogue; stated to come from the \*Madhyama-āgama\*, but upon checking, it is not there) > \*Jiuheng jing\*, in one fascicle (Fei Changfang states it comes from the \*Madhyama-āgama\*, but upon checking, it is not there; found in Fei Changfang's catalogue) > \*Chanxing sanshiqi jing\*, in one fascicle (or with the character \*pin\* added; found in Baochang's catalogue) > \*Fanjie baoying qingzhong jing\*, in one fascicle (comes from the \*Moulian wen bini jing\*; also called \*Fanjie zuibao qingzhong\*, or called \*Moulian wen jing\*; found in Fei Changfang's catalogue) > \*Da biqiu sanqian weiyi jing\*, in one fascicle (or in four fascicles; also called \*Seng weiyi jing\*) > \*Daodi jing\*, in one fascicle (first translation; with the character \*da\* added; found in Sengyou's catalogue) > \*Jaye jie jing\*, in one fascicle (first translation; found in Fei Changfang's catalogue) > \*Apitan wufa xing jing\*, in one fascicle (or without the character \*xing\*; found in Sengyou's catalogue; the above are extant, the following are non-extant texts) > \*Wuliangshou jing\*, in two fascicles (first translation, same text as the \*Ratnakūṭa\* \*Amitāyus\*, etc.; Fei Changfang states it is found in the \*Bielu\*) > \*Ruhuan sanmei jing\*, in two fascicles (or in one fascicle; first translation, same text as the \*Ratnakūṭa\* \*Bhadramāyākāra-paripṛcchā\*, etc.; found in Fei Changfang's catalogue) > \*Yuedeng sanmei jing\*, in two fascicles (different translation of fascicle 7 of the \*Da rideng jing\*; found in Fei Changfang's catalogue) > \*Shi'er yinyuan jing\*, in one fascicle (first translation; also called \*Wencheng shi'er yinyuan jing\*; found in Sengyou's catalogue) > \*Neizang jing\*, in one fascicle (second translation; alternatively titled \*Neizang baipin\*, or called \*Baibao\*; produced in the tenth month of the second year of Yuanjia; found in Zhu Shixing's catalogue) > \*Si bukede jing\*, in one fascicle (first translation; or without the character \*ke\*; found in Fei Changfang's catalogue) > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2157~en-mt.1.55.1) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (6) - [開元釋教錄](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2154.1.17.1) — 智昇, Classical Chinese - [歷代三寶紀](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2034.4.85) — Classical Chinese - [古今譯經圖紀](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2151.1.4) — Classical Chinese - [翻譯名義集](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2131.1.194) — 法雲, Classical Chinese - [高僧傳](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2059.1.6) — 慧皎, Classical Chinese - [神僧傳](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2064.1.7) — Classical Chinese --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2157.1.55](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2157.1.55) · Pramāṇa