[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [藥師經疏](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2767) › 1.14 # 藥師經疏 1.14 藥師經疏 1.14 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [1.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2767.1.14) 經。此等至當墮地獄　四緣茲過難當墮地獄者。俱舍十一云。梵音那落迦。此云不可樂處。然以不可樂處即是其獄。在於地下二萬由旬。地獄有三。一熱。二寒。三邊。熱地獄有八。一等活。二黑繩。三眾合。四叫喚。五大叫喚。六燒熱。七大燒熱。八無間。此八在贍部州下重累而住。前二有主治。次三少主治。後三無主治。此八為本。一一各有十六園。一面有四。一煻煨增。謂此增內煻煨沒膝有情遊彼繞下足時。皮肉與血俱焦爛墜舉足還生平復如本。二屍糞增。謂此增內屍糞泥滿於中。多有娘矩吒蟲紫利如針。身白頭黑有情遊彼。皆為此蟲鑽皮破骨唼食其髓。三鋒刃增。謂此增內復有三種。一刀刃路。謂於此中仰有刀刃以為大道。有情遊彼纔下足時皮肉與血俱斷碎墜舉足還生平復如本。二劍葉林。謂此林上純以銛利劍刃為葉。有情遊彼風吹葉墜。斬剌支體骨肉零落。有鳥驟狗攎掣食之。三鐵刺林。謂此林上有利鐵刺長十六指。有情被逼上下樹時其刺銛鋒下上纔刺。有鐵𭪿鳥探啄。有情眼精心肝爭競而食。刀刃路等三種雖殊。而鐵仗同故。一增攝四烈河增。謂此增量廣滿中熱鹹水有情入中。或浮或沒。或逆或順。或橫或轉。被壓被煮骨肉糜爛。如大鑊中滿盛灰汁置麻米等猛火下然麻等。於中上下迴轉舉體糜爛。有情亦然。設欲逃亡於兩岸上。有諸獄卒手執刀槍禦桿令迴無由得出此河如塹。前三似園。此是增上被刑害所故說名增。四面合十六通本為十七八十七合有一百三十六。所罪人於中受熱惱。苦寒地獄有八。一頞浮陀。由寒苦所逼肉生細胞。二尼剌浮陀。由寒風所吹通身成胞。三阿吒吒。由脣不得動唯舌得動故作此聲。四阿波波。由舌不得動。唯脣得動故作聲。五喉喉。由脣舌不得動振氣故作此聲。六優鉢羅。此是青蓮花。此華佃由肉細岸似此花開。七波頭摩。此是赤蓮花。由肉色大岸似此花開。八忿陀利。此是白蓮花。由彼骨岸似此花開前二。從身相受名次三。從聲相受名後三。從瘡相受名。又前二了叫。次三不了叫。後三不叫。此八在四洲間著鐵圍山底仰向居止。罪人於中受寒凍苦。邊地獄有三。一在山間。二在水間。三在曠野受別業報寒熱雜受。 > Sūtra: “These \[beings\] ... shall fall into the hells.” / Fourth, regarding “due to these faults, they shall fall into the hells”: Chapter 11 of the Abhidharmakośa states: “The Sanskrit sound is naraka; here \[in Chinese\] it is translated as 'place of no pleasure' (不可樂處). Yet this 'place of no pleasure' is the prison itself. It lies twenty thousand yojanas beneath the earth. There are three kinds of hells: first, hot; second, cold; third, isolated (pratyeka). / The hot hells are eight: first, Saṃjīva (Reviving); second, Kālasūtra (Black Rope); third, Saṃghāta (Crushing); fourth, Raurava (Weeping); fifth, Mahāraurava (Great Weeping); sixth, Tapana (Heating); seventh, Pratāpana (Great Heating); eighth, Avīci (Uninterrupted). These eight are situated layered one beneath the other under Jambudvīpa. The first two have wardens (principal punishers); the next three have few wardens; the last three have no wardens. These eight are the root \[hells\]. Each and every one has sixteen annexes (utsada), four on each side. / First is the annex of hot embers (aṅgāra-utsada). In this annex, hot embers submerge one to the knees; when sentient beings wander through it, no sooner do they step down than their skin, flesh, and blood are scorched, rotten, and drop off; when they lift their feet, \[the flesh\] regrows, restored to what it was before. / Second is the annex of corpse filth (kuṇapa-utsada). In this annex, corpse filth and mud fill the interior, wherein there are many nyakuṭa (?) worms with points as sharp as needles, white-bodied with black heads; when sentient beings wander through it, all are bored through by these worms, which pierce the bone and suck and devour the marrow. / Third is the annex of blade edges (kṣuradhāra-utsada). In this annex there are further three kinds: first, the road of knife blades, wherein upturned knife blades form the great road; when sentient beings wander through it, no sooner do they step down than their skin, flesh, and blood are cut to pieces and drop off; when they lift their feet, \[the flesh\] regrows, restored to what it was before. Second, the forest of sword leaves (asipattravana), wherein this forest has exclusively sharp sword blades for leaves; when sentient beings wander through it and the wind blows, the leaves drop, cutting and piercing limbs and trunks so that bones and flesh fall apart, and wild birds and rushing dogs tear and pull them apart to devour them. Third, the forest of iron thorns (ayaḥśālmalīvana), wherein on this forest there are sharp iron thorns sixteen finger-widths long; when sentient beings are forced to climb up and down the trees, the sharp points of these thorns pierce them from below and above as they go up and down; iron-beaked birds peck into sentient beings' pupils, liver, and heart, competing to eat them. Although the three kinds such as the knife-blade road are distinct, because the iron weapons are the same, they are subsumed under one annex. / Fourth is the annex of the fierce river (vaitaraṇī-utsada). The measure of this annex is vast, filled inside with boiling brine; when sentient beings enter it, they either float or sink, go against the current or follow it, drift horizontally or whirl around; being suppressed and boiled, their bones and flesh are boiled to mush. Just as when a great cauldron is filled with lye and hemp, rice, and the like are placed within, with fierce fire burning beneath so that the hemp and the rest swirl up and down within, the whole mass boiling to mush—so it is with sentient beings. Even if they wish to flee, on both banks there are hell wardens holding knives and spears in their hands who fend them off and force them back, with no way to get out. This river is like a moat. / The first three are like gardens. These are called 'annexes' (utsada, 'augmented') because they are places where punishment and harm are intensified. Four sides total sixteen; together with the root \[hell\] they make seventeen. Eight times seventeen makes one hundred and thirty-six places where sinners undergo the suffering of hot torment. / The cold hells are eight: first, Arbuda: pressed by the suffering of cold, the flesh breaks out into blisters. Second, Nirarbuda: blown by the cold wind, the entire body becomes covered with blisters. Third, Aṭaṭa: because the lips cannot move and only the tongue can move, one makes this sound. Fourth, Hahava: because the tongue cannot move and only the lips can move, one makes this sound. Fifth, Huhuva: because neither lips nor tongue can move, one trembles and exhales, thus making this sound. Sixth, Utpala: this is the blue lotus; the fine cracks in the flesh resemble this flower opening. Seventh, Padma: this is the red lotus; because of the flesh's large cracks, it resembles this flower opening. Eighth, Puṇḍarīka: this is the white lotus; because of the cracks down to the white bone, it resembles this flower opening. / The first two receive their names from bodily signs; the next three receive their names from vocal signs; the last three receive their names from sore signs. Furthermore, the first two cry out clearly; the next three cry out unclearly; the last three do not cry out. These eight reside facing upward at the bottom of Mount Cakravāḍa between the four continents. Sinners undergo the suffering of freezing cold within them. / The isolated hells (pratyekanaraka) are three: first, in the mountains; second, on the waters; third, in the wilderness; they undergo the retribution of individual karma, experiencing a mixture of cold and heat.” > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 1.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2767.1.13) - [Next: 1.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2767.1.15) - [Up: 1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2767.1) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2767~en-mt.1.14) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2767.1.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2767.1.14) · Pramāṇa