[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [淨名經集解關中疏](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2777) › 1.16 # 淨名經集解關中疏 1.16 淨名經集解關中疏 1.16 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [1.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2777.1.16) 與大比丘眾八千人俱　此下六列同聞經眾證非己謬傳眾有三別。初列聲聞。形心俱勝證信最親故先列也。次列菩薩。心同形異證信小疎故次列也。後列天龍。形心俱乖證信最疎故後列也。初列比丘與者共也。大即極果比丘人名眾言和合。肇曰。比丘秦言或名淨乞食。或名破煩惱。或名能持戒。或名能怖魔。天竺一名該此四義。秦無一名以譯之故存其義名焉。 > “Together with a great assembly of eight thousand bhikṣus”: Below, the sixth part lists the assembly that heard the sūtra together, testifying that it was not mistakenly transmitted by oneself. The assembly has three divisions. First it lists the śrāvakas: because their appearance and minds are both superior, their testimony inspiring faith is the most intimate, and thus they are listed first. Next it lists the bodhisattvas: their minds are the same \[as the Buddha's\] but their appearance is different, so their testimony inspiring faith is slightly more distant, and thus they are listed next. Afterwards it lists the devas and nāgas: both their appearance and minds are divergent, so their testimony inspiring faith is the most distant, and thus they are listed last. First, listing the bhikṣus: “Together with” means in company with. “Great” refers to the ultimate fruition. “Bhikṣu” is the name for the person. “Assembly” means harmony. Zhao says: “In Qin, ‘bhikṣu’ is alternatively named ‘pure beggar for food,’ or ‘destroyer of afflictions,’ or ‘one able to keep the precepts,’ or ‘one able to frighten Māra.’ In India, a single term encompasses these four meanings. Because Qin has no single term to translate it, its translated meanings are preserved.” > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 1.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2777.1.15) - [Next: 1.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2777.1.17) - [Up: 1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2777.1) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2777~en-mt.1.16) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (1) - [注維摩詰經](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1775.1.24) — Classical Chinese --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2777.1.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2777.1.16) · Pramāṇa