[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [四分戒本疏卷第一．第二．第三](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2787) › 3.113 # 四分戒本疏卷第一．第二．第三 3.113 四分戒本疏卷第一．第二．第三 3.113 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [3.113](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2787.3.113) 若比丘半月洗浴無病比丘應受不得過除餘時波逸提餘時者熱時病時作時風雨時道行時此是時　此滿足戒本文有四句。一犯人。二明半月一洗不得過。三除開緣。四結罪。餘時者下誦前第三句。辨相中初句可知。二言半月洗浴者。明半月一浴不得過。半月洗誦於半月內不得再洗。故曰不得過。祇云。應隨浴日數。要滿十五日乃應更洗。三先言除餘時者。明開緣。言除熱時。律云。春後四十五日。夏初一月。是熱時。天竺熱早故。從三月初至五月十五日。此兩月半聽洗無罪。隨國土早晚熱用此限洗。又此兩月半時日滿便足。是名熱時。言病時者。四分云。下至身體臭穢是謂病時。言作時者。下至掃屋前地。十云。乃至掃僧房內地五尺。多云。五六尺。五分乃至掃屋內地。言風雨時者。下至一旋風一渧雨著身。言道行者。下至半由旬若來若往者是。四言波逸提。是過洗結罪句。律云。若過限洗一遍洗身一波逸提。若洗半身亦犯提。若方便欲洗不者吉羅。五分云。若共白衣同室浴身偷蘭。多云。露地不應共浴。若在室中知白衣。而無口過者聽。共浴比丘揩白衣吉。若自揩不用他揩者善。要著僧祇支。一當有慚愧。二不生他欲。因洗羅漢身軟。有凡見便起染失根。乃至還悔得本男身。律云。不犯者。如上六緣開數洗不犯。及被力勢所轉強令者。 > "If a bhikṣu bathes \[once every\] half-month, an un-sick bhikṣu should accept it and must not exceed it, except at other times: it is a prāyaścittika. Here 'other times' means: hot time, sick time, working time, wind-and-rain time, traveling time—these are the times." This complete text of the precept has four phrases: first, the person who commits the offense; second, explaining bathing once every half-month and not exceeding it; third, setting aside the exceptions; fourth, assigning the offense. "Here 'other times' means" and below recites the third phrase above. In differentiating the aspects, the first phrase is evident. As for the second, "bathes \[once every\] half-month": this clarifies that bathing once every half-month must not be exceeded; "bathing \[once every\] half-month" recites that within half a month one must not bathe a second time, hence it is said "must not exceed." The Mahāsāṃghika Vinaya states: "One should follow the number of days for bathing; fifteen full days must elapse before one should bathe again." As for the third, "except at other times" stated first: this explains the exceptions. As for "except the hot time": the Vinaya states that the forty-five days after spring and the first month of summer are the hot time. Because it becomes hot early in India, from the beginning of the third month to the fifteenth of the fifth month, during these two and a half months bathing is permitted without offense. One adopts this limit for bathing according to whether the heat arrives early or late in one's country. Furthermore, when the days of these two and a half months are complete, that is sufficient; this is called the hot time. As for the "sick time": the Dharmaguptaka Vinaya states that down to having foul-smelling bodily odor is called the sick time. As for the "working time": down to sweeping the ground in front of the house. The Sarvāstivāda Vinaya states: "down to sweeping five feet of ground inside the Saṅgha room." The Sarvāstivāda-vinaya-vibhāṣā states: "five or six feet." The Mahīśāsaka Vinaya states: "down to sweeping the ground inside the room." As for the "wind-and-rain time": down to a single whirlwind or a single drop of rain touching the body. As for "traveling": down to half a yojana, whether coming or going, this is it. As for the fourth, "prāyaścittika": this is the phrase assigning the offense for exceeding the bath limit. The Vinaya states: "If one bathes exceeding the limit, bathing the body once is one prāyaścittika. If one bathes half the body, one also commits a prāyaścittika. If one employs preparatory effort wishing to bathe but does not, it is a duṣkṛta." The Mahīśāsaka Vinaya states: "If one bathes the body in the same room with a layperson, it is a sthūlātyaya." The Sarvāstivāda-vinaya-vibhāṣā states: "One should not bathe together in the open. If one is in a room and knows he is a layperson, but there is no oral fault, it is permitted. A bhikṣu who rubs a layperson while bathing together commits a duṣkṛta. If he rubs himself and does not make use of another to rub him, it is good. He must wear a saṃkakṣikā: first, so that he will have shame; second, so that desire will not arise in others." Due to bathing, an arhat's body was soft; a worldling saw it, gave rise to defilement, and lost his male organ, up to repenting and recovering his original male body. The Vinaya states that it is not an offense if: as in the six conditions above, frequent bathing is permitted without offense; or if one is overwhelmed by force and compelled. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 3.112](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2787.3.112) - [Next: 3.114](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2787.3.114) - [Up: 3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2787.3) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2787~en-mt.3.113) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (5) - [四分律](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.vinaya.other-vinayas.dharmaguptaka*zh-buddhayasas.16.55) — Classical Chinese - [摩訶僧祇律](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.vinaya.other-vinayas.mahasamghika*zh-buddhabhadra.18.62) — Classical Chinese - [四分律比丘含注戒本](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1806.2.518) — Classical Chinese - [四分律比丘戒本](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.vinaya.pratimoksa.dharmaguptaka*zh-buddhayasas.1.132) — Classical Chinese - [四分僧戒本](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.vinaya.sastra.dharmaguptakapratimoksasutra*zh-buddhayasas.1.116) — Classical Chinese --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2787.3.113](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2787.3.113) · Pramāṇa