[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Taishō Tripiṭaka (Chinese Buddhist canon)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho) › [四分戒本疏卷第一．第二．第三](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2787) › 3.9 # 四分戒本疏卷第一．第二．第三 3.9 四分戒本疏卷第一．第二．第三 3.9 - **Language:** Classical Chinese ### [3.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2787.3.9) 共女人同室宿戒第四　制意者。男女形殊理無同居。境界交涉容生穢染。又致譏醜。莫能自拔患累不輕。是故聖制　別緣有五。一是人女。二室相成就。三共同室宿。四知共宿。五隨臥轉側結罪。言人女者。四五二律局取人女人。簡餘女簡異男等。但是人女不問道俗親疎大小。五分乃至初生具除死女也。祇云。十二律通三趣女。謂祇中云。母女姉妹大小道俗咸是犯境。十律云。三趣女共宿並犯。若駝馬牛羊。若臥若立等。鵝鷹孔雀鷂等。若一脚立頭置頂上即名宿犯。乃至他舍有女人。客猫子處宿亦犯。四知共同宿者。但知宿即犯。不同二行。要須共期方犯。五分若母女姉妹近親病。若有知界自伴不臥皆不犯。此律下開自病不犯。對此病開亦應立緣。已下正明戒本。此戒因阿那律行路至婬女舍宿。被女嬈。尊者昇在虛空中。彼慚愧懺悔。說法得道。比丘舉過。佛便制戒。 > The fourth precept: lodging in the same room with a woman. Purpose of formulation: Men and women differ in physical form, and in principle should not live together. When their domains mingle, defilement can easily arise. Furthermore, it invites ugly disparagement, and being unable to extricate oneself, the burden of trouble is not light; therefore the Sage formulated the rule. The specific conditions are five: 1) it is a human female; 2) the characteristics of a room are complete; 3) lodging together in the same room; 4) knowing that one is lodging together; 5) the offense is determined according to lying down and tossing and turning. As for "human female": the Four-Part and Five-Part Vinayas restrictively take human females, excluding other females and distinguishing them from males, etc. As long as she is a human female, regardless of monastic or lay, close or distant, old or young—the Mahīśāsaka Vinaya extends even to a newborn, entirely excluding dead females. The Mahāsāṃghika Vinaya states: The two Vinayas apply generally to females of the three destinies; that is, the Mahāsāṃghika says mothers, daughters, sisters, elder and younger, monastics and laypersons are all objects of the offense. The Sarvāstivāda Vinaya states: Lodging together with females of the three destinies all constitutes an offense—whether camels, horses, cattle, sheep, whether lying or standing, etc.; geese, hawks, peacocks, sparrowhawks, etc., if standing on one foot and resting the head on top, it is called the offense of lodging; even if in another's house there is a woman, lodging where a guest cat is also constitutes an offense. 4) "Knowing that one is lodging together": merely knowing that one is lodging commits the offense; unlike committing two sexual acts, one does not need mutual agreement before committing the offense. The Mahīśāsaka Vinaya states: If mother, daughter, sister, or close relative is ill, or if there is an attendant within the boundary who does not sleep, none constitute an offense. This Vinaya below allows that if one is ill oneself, it is not an offense; facing this exception for illness, conditions should also be established. Below is the direct explanation of the root precept text. This precept arose because Aniruddha, while traveling, lodged at the house of a courtesan and was harassed by the woman. The Venerable One rose into empty space, and she felt ashamed and repented; he preached the Dharma and she attained the path. The bhikṣus reported the fault, and the Buddha then formulated the precept. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) - [Previous: 3.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2787.3.8) - [Next: 3.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2787.3.10) - [Up: 3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2787.3) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2787~en-mt.3.9) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (1) - [四分律比丘含注戒本](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.1806.2.25) — Classical Chinese --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2787.3.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.taisho.2787.3.9) · Pramāṇa