Dhammapada 3.7: 7. Pūtigattatissattheravatthu

3.7.p1

Aciraṃ vatayaṃ kāyoti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā sāvatthiyaṃ viharanto pūtigattatissattheraṃ ārabbha kathesi.

_In no long time this body._ This religious instruction was given by the Teacher while he was in residence at Sāvatthi with reference to Elder Pūtigatta Tissa.

3.7.p2

Eko kira sāvatthivāsī kulaputto satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā sāsane uraṃ datvā pabbajito, so laddhūpasampado tissatthero nāma ahosi. Gacchante gacchante kāle tassa sarīre rogo udapādi. Sāsapamattiyo piḷakā uṭṭhahiṃsu. Tā anupubbena muggamattā kalāyamattā kolaṭṭhimattā āmalakamattā beḷuvasalāṭumattā beḷuvamattā hutvā pabhijjiṃsu, sakalasarīraṃ chiddāvachiddaṃ ahosi. Pūtigattatissattherotvevassa nāmaṃ udapādi. Athassa aparabhāge aṭṭhīni bhijjiṃsu. So appaṭijaggiyo ahosi. Nivāsanapārupanaṃ pubbalohitamakkhitaṃ jālapūvasadisaṃ ahosi. Saddhivihārikādayo paṭijaggituṃ asakkontā chaḍḍayiṃsu. So anātho hutvā nipajji.

A certain youth of station who lived at Sāvatthi heard the Teacher preach the Law, yielded the breast to religion, retired from the world, and after admission as a full member of the Order became known as Elder Tissa. As time went on, an eruption broke out on his body. At first appeared pustules no bigger than mustard-seeds, but as the disease progressed, they assumed successively the size of kidney-beans, chick-peas, jujube seeds, emblic myrobalans, and vilva fruits. Finally they burst open, and his whole body became covered with open sores. In this way he came to be called Elder Pūtigatta Tissa. After a time his bones began to disintegrate, and no one was willing to take care of him. His under and upper garments, which were stained with dried blood, looked like net-cakes. His fellow-residents, unable to care for him, cast him out, and he lay down on the ground without a protector.

3.7.p3

Buddhānañca nāma dve vāre lokavolokanaṃ avijahitaṃ hoti. Paccūsakāle lokaṃ volokentā cakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭito paṭṭhāya gandhakuṭiabhimukhaṃ ñāṇaṃ katvā olokenti, sāyaṃ olokentā gandhakuṭito paṭṭhāya bāhirābhimukhaṃ ñāṇaṃ katvā olokenti. Tasmiṃ pana samaye bhagavato ñāṇajālassa anto pūtigattatissatthero paññāyi. Satthā tassa bhikkhuno arahattassa upanissayaṃ disvā, ‘‘ayaṃ saddhivihārikādīhi chaḍḍito, idānissa maṃ ṭhapetvā aññaṃ paṭisaraṇaṃ natthī’’ti gandhakuṭito nikkhamitvā vihāracārikaṃ caramāno viya aggisālaṃ gantvā ukkhaliṃ dhovitvā udakaṃ datvā uddhanaṃ āropetvā udakassa tattabhāvaṃ āgamayamāno aggisālāyameva aṭṭhāsi. Tattabhāvaṃ jānitvā gantvā tassa bhikkhuno nipannamañcakoṭiyaṃ gaṇhi, tadā bhikkhū ‘‘apetha, bhante, mayaṃ gaṇhissāmā’’ti mañcakaṃ gahetvā aggisālaṃ ānayiṃsu. Satthā ambaṇaṃ āharāpetvā uṇhodakaṃ āsiñcitvā tehi bhikkhūhi tassa pārupanaṃ gāhāpetvā uṇhodake maddāpetvā mandātape vissajjāpesi. Athassa santike ṭhatvā sarīraṃ uṇhodakena temetvā ghaṃsitvā nhāpesi, tassa nahānapariyosāne pārupanaṃ sukkhi. Atha naṃ taṃ nivāsāpetvā nivatthakāsāvaṃ udake maddāpetvā ātape vissajjāpesi. Athassa gatte udake chinnamatte tampi sukkhi. So ekaṃ kāsāvaṃ nivāsetvā ekaṃ pārupitvā sallahukasarīro ekaggacitto mañcake nipajji. Satthā tassa ussīsake ṭhatvā, ‘‘bhikkhu ayaṃ tava kāyo apetaviññāṇo nirupakāro hutvā kaliṅgaraṃ viya pathaviyaṃ sessatī’’ti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –

Now the Buddhas never fail to survey the world twice a day. At dawn they survey the world, looking from the rim of the world towards the Perfumed Chamber, taking cognizance of all they see. In the evening they survey the world, looking from the Perfumed Chamber and taking cognizance of all that is without. Now at this time the Elder Pūtigatta Tissa appeared within the net of the Exalted One's knowledge. The Teacher, knowing that the monk Tissa was ripe for Arahatship, thought to himself, "This monk has been abandoned by his associates; at the present time he has no other refuge than me." Accordingly the Teacher departed from the Perfumed Chamber, and pretending to be making the rounds of the monastery, went to the hall where the fire was kept. He washed the boiler, placed it on the brazier, waited in the fire-room for the water to boil, and when he knew it was hot, went and took hold of the end of the bed where that monk was lying.

At that time the monks said to the Teacher, "Pray depart, Reverend Sir; we will carry him in for you." So saying, they took up the bed and carried Tissa into the fire-room. The Teacher caused a

measure to be brought and sprinkled hot water. He then caused the monks to take Tissa’s upper garment, wash it thoroughly in hot water, and lay it in the sunshine to dry. Then he went, and taking his stand near Tissa, moistened his body with hot water and rubbed and bathed him. At the end of his bath his upper garment was dry. The Teacher caused him to be clothed in his upper garment and caused his under garment to be washed thoroughly in hot water and laid in the sun to dry. As soon as the water had evaporated from his body, his under garment was dry. Thereupon Tissa put on one of the yellow robes as an under garment and the other as an upper garment, and with body refreshed and mind tranquil lay down on the bed. The Teacher took his stand at Tissa’s pillow and said to him, “Monk, consciousness will depart from you, your body will become useless and, like a log, will lie on the ground.” So saying, he pronounced the following Stanza,

3.7.41

‘‘Aciraṃ vatayaṃ kāyo, pathaviṃ adhisessati;
Chuddho apetaviññāṇo, niratthaṃva kaliṅgara’’nti.

41. In no long time this body will lie on the ground,
Despised, with consciousness departed, like a useless log.

3.7.41_2

Tattha aciraṃ vatāti bhikkhu na cirasseva ayaṃ kāyo pathaviṃ adhisessati, imissā pakatisayanena sayitāya pathaviyā upari sayissati. Chuddhoti apaviddho, apagataviññāṇatāya tuccho hutvā sessatīti dasseti. Yathā kiṃ? Niratthaṃva kaliṅgaraṃ nirupakāraṃ niratthakaṃ kaṭṭhakhaṇḍaṃ viya. Dabbasambhāratthikā hi manussā araññaṃ pavisitvā ujukaṃ ujukasaṇṭhānena vaṅkaṃ vaṅkasaṇṭhānena chinditvā dabbasambhāraṃ gaṇhanti, avasesaṃ pana susirañca pūtikañca asārakañca gaṇṭhijātañca chinditvā tattheva chaḍḍenti. Aññe dabbasambhāratthikā āgantvā taṃ gahetāro nāma natthi, oloketvā attano upakārakameva gaṇhanti, itaraṃ pathavīgatameva hoti. Taṃ pana tena tena upāyena mañcapaṭipādakaṃ vā pādakathalikaṃ vā phalakapīṭhaṃ vā kātuṃ sakkāpi bhaveyya. Imasmiṃ pana attabhāve dvattiṃsāya koṭṭhāsesu ekakoṭṭhāsopi mañcapaṭipādakādivasena aññena vā upakāramukhena gayhūpago nāma natthi, kevalaṃ niratthaṃva kaliṅgaraṃ ayaṃ kāyo apagataviññāṇo katipāheneva pathaviyaṃ sessatīti.

3.7.41_3

Desanāvasāne pūtigattatissatthero saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇi, aññepi bahū sotāpannādayo ahesuṃ. Theropi arahattaṃ patvāva parinibbāyi. Satthā tassa sarīrakiccaṃ kārāpetvā dhātuyo gahetvā cetiyaṃ kārāpesi. Bhikkhū satthāraṃ pucchiṃsu – ‘‘bhante, pūtigattatissatthero kuhiṃ nibbatto’’ti. ‘‘Parinibbuto, bhikkhave’’ti. ‘‘Bhante, evarūpassa pana arahattūpanissayasampannassa bhikkhuno kiṃ kāraṇā gattaṃ putikaṃ jātaṃ, kiṃ kāraṇā aṭṭhīni bhinnāni, kimassa kāraṇaṃ arahattassa upanissayabhāvaṃ patta’’nti? ‘‘Bhikkhave, sabbametaṃ etassa attanā katakammeneva nibbatta’’nti. ‘‘Kiṃ pana tena, bhante, kata’’nti? ‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, suṇāthā’’ti atītaṃ āhari –

At the conclusion of the lesson Elder Pūtigatta Tissa attained Arahatship and passed into Nibbāna. The Teacher performed the funeral rites over his body, and taking the relics, caused a shrine to be erected.

The monks asked the Teacher, “Reverend Sir, where was Elder Pūtigatta Tissa reborn?” “He has passed into Nibbāna, monks.” “Reverend Sir, how did it happen that such a monk, predestined to attain Arahatship, came to have a diseased body? Why did his bones disintegrate? Through what deed in a former birth did he obtain the dispositions requisite for the attainment of Arahatship?” “Monks, all these things happened solely because of deeds he committed in a previous existence.” “But, Reverend Sir, what did he do?” “Well then, monks, listen.”

3.7.41_4

Ayaṃ kassapasammāsambuddhakāle sākuṇiko hutvā bahū sakuṇe vadhitvā issarajanaṃ upaṭṭhahi. Tesaṃ dinnāvasese vikkiṇāti, ‘‘vikkitāvasesā māretvā ṭhapitā pūtikā bhavissantī’’ti yathā uppatituṃ na sakkonti, tathā tesaṃ jaṅghaṭṭhīni ca pakkhaṭṭhīni ca bhinditvā rāsiṃ katvā ṭhapeti, te punadivase vikkiṇāti. Atibahūnaṃ pana laddhakāle attanopi atthāya pacāpeti. Tassekadivasaṃ rasabhojane pakke eko khīṇāsavo piṇḍāya caranto gehadvāre aṭṭhāsi. So theraṃ disvā cittaṃ pasādetvā, ‘‘mayā bahū pāṇā māretvā khāditā, ayyo ca me gehadvāre ṭhito, antogehe ca rasabhojanaṃ saṃvijjati, piṇḍapātamassa dassāmī’’ti tassa pattaṃ ādāya pūretvā rasapiṇḍapātaṃ datvā theraṃ pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā, ‘‘bhante, tumhehi diṭṭhadhammassa matthakaṃ pāpuṇeyya’’nti āha. Thero ‘‘evaṃ hotū’’ti anumodanaṃ akāsi. ‘‘Bhikkhave, tadā katakammavasenetaṃ tissassa nipphannaṃ, sakuṇānaṃ aṭṭhibhedananissandena tissassa gattañca pūtikaṃ jātaṃ, aṭṭhīni ca bhinnāni, khīṇāsavassa rasapiṇḍapātadānanissandena arahattaṃ patto’’ti.

In the dispensation of the Buddha Kassapa, Tissa was a fowler. He used to catch birds in large numbers, and most of these he served to royalty. Most of those he did not give to royalty he used to sell. Fearing that if he killed and kept the birds he did not sell, they would rot, and desiring to prevent his captive birds from taking flight, he used to break their leg-bones and wing-bones and lay them aside, piling them in a heap. On the following day he would sell them. When he had too many, he would have some cooked also for himself.

One day, when well-flavored food had been cooked for him, a monk who was an Arahat stopped at the door of his house on his round for alms. When Tissa saw the Elder, he made his mind serene, and thought, “I have killed and eaten many living creatures. A noble Elder stands at my door, and an abundance of well-flavored food is in my house. I will therefore give him alms.” So he took the monk’s bowl and filled it, and having given him well-flavored food, saluted the monk with the Five Rests and said, “Reverend Sir, may I obtain the highest fruit of the Law you have seen.” Said the Elder, returning thanks, “So be it.” Monks, it was through the meritorious deed Tissa then did that this fruit accrued to him. It was because he broke the bones of birds that his members became diseased and his bones disintegrated. It was because he gave well-flavored food to the Arahat that he attained Arahatship.

3.7.41_5

Pūtigattatissattheravatthu sattamaṃ.