[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Buddhist Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha) › [Tibetan canon (Kangyur & Tengyur)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.tibet) › [Kangyur (translated words of the Buddha)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.tibet.kangyur) › [General sūtras](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.tibet.kangyur.mdo_sde) › [དགེ་བ་དང་མི་དགེ་བའི་ལས་ཀྱི་རྣམ་པར་སྨིན་པ་བསྟན་པའི་མདོ](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.tibet.kangyur.mdo_sde.355) › [Teaching the Ripening of Virtuous and Nonvirtuous Actions](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.tibet.kangyur.mdo_sde.355~en-84000) › intro.4 # དག་བ་དང་མ་དག་བའ་ལས་ཀྱ་རྣམ་པར་སྨན་པ་བསྟན་པའ་མད intro.4 Teaching the Ripening of Virtuous and Nonvirtuous Actions intro.4 - **Language:** English ### [intro.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.tibet.kangyur.mdo_sde.355~en-84000.intro.4) The principal difference between these two sūtras is that Toh 355, translated here, employs a Sino-Tibetan lexicon whereas Toh 354 uses an Indo-Tibetan lexicon.² These two lexicons refer respectively to the indigenous and presumably more archaic range of Tibetan terminology used to translate Chinese texts, whether they be Buddhist or otherwise, and the range of terminology that was constructed in the likeness of Sanskrit and implemented during the early ninth century in order to imbue translations with a more Indic flavor. This may suggest that Toh 355 is the older of the two translations, since the dominance of Indian Buddhism came at a later point in the Tibetan imperial period. - [Previous: intro.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.tibet.kangyur.mdo_sde.355~en-84000.intro.3) - [Next: intro.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.tibet.kangyur.mdo_sde.355~en-84000.intro.5) - [Up: intro](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.tibet.kangyur.mdo_sde.355~en-84000.intro) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.tibet.kangyur.mdo_sde.355~en-84000.intro.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.tibet.kangyur.mdo_sde.355~en-84000.intro.4) · Pramāṇa