[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Dark Ages](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages) › [State papers](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.admin) › [Āʾīn-i Akbarī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.admin.ain-i-akbari) › [The Ain i Akbari (Blochmann, Jarrett)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.admin.ain-i-akbari~en-blochmann-jarrett) › 7 # The Institutes of Akbar 7: Remark by the Author. The Áín i Akbari (Blochmann, Jarrett) 7 - **Language:** English ### [7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.admin.ain-i-akbari~en-blochmann-jarrett.7) As I had sometimes to use Hindi words, I have carefully described the consonants and vowels. Enquirers will therefore have no difficulty in reading; nor will any confusion arise from mistakes in copying. Letters like alif, lám, and a few more, are sufficiently clear from their names. Some letters I have distinguished as manqútah, and letters similar in form, without such a limitation. Letters which are purely Persian, have been distinguished as such; thus the p in padíd, the ché in chaman, the gáf in nigár, the zh in muzhdah. Sometimes I have added to the names of these letters, the phrase having three points. Letters peculiar to the Hindi language I have distinguished as Hindi. The letter yá, as in rí, I have called tahtání, and the té, as in dast, fawqání. The b in adab, I have merely called bé. Similarly, the letters nún, wáw, yá, and hé, when clearly sounded, have been merely described as nún, wáw, &c. The nasal nún I have called nún i khafí, or nún i pinhán. The final and silent h, as in farkhundah, I have called maktúb, i. e., written, but not pronounced. The y and w, when modified to é or ó, I have called majhúl. As consonants followed by an alif have the vowel a, it was not necessary to specify their vowels. - [Previous: 6.2.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.admin.ain-i-akbari~en-blochmann-jarrett.6.2.10) - [Next: 8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.admin.ain-i-akbari~en-blochmann-jarrett.8) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.admin.ain-i-akbari~en-blochmann-jarrett.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.admin.ain-i-akbari~en-blochmann-jarrett.7) · Pramāṇa