Riyaz al-salatin 114: NIZAMAT OF ALIJAH NASIRU-L-MULK IMTIAZU-D-DAULAH QASIM ALI KHAN BAHADUR NASRAT JANG.
The Riyazu-s-salatin (Abdus Salam) 114
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NIZAMAT OF ALIJAH NASIRU-L-MULK IMTIAZU-D-DAULAH QASIM ALI KHAN BAHADUR NASRAT JANG.
114.1.1
Nawab Jafar Ali Khan had sent to Calcutta his kinsman, Mir Muhammad Qasim, who was a son of Nawab Imtiaz Khan, surnamed Khalis, to represent him at the Conference regarding the Administration and settlement of the apportionment of 10 annas of the revenue to Jafar Ali Khan and six annas to the English, and regarding the enjoyment of the office of Diwan by Jafar Ali Khan. On the death of Sadiq Ali Khan, the Army demanding their pay which had fallen into arrear for some years mutinied in a body, besieged the Nawab in the Chhil Satiin Palace, and cut off supplies of food and water. In consequence, the Nawab wrote to Mir Muhammad Qasim Khan to the effect that the army had reduced him to straits for demand of arrear pay. Mir Muhammad Qasim Khan, in concert with Jagat Set, conspired with the English Chiefs, and induced the latter to write to Nawab Jafar Ali Khan to the effect that the mutiny of the army for demand of pay was a very serious matter, and that it was advisable that the Nawab abandoning the Fort should come down to Calcutta, entrusting the Fort and the Subah to Mir Muhammad Qasim Khan. Mir Muhammad Qasim with full self-confidence, on attaining his aim, returned to Murshidabad. The English Chiefs leaguing with Mir Muhammad Qasim Khan brought out Nawab Jafar Khan from the Fort, placed him on a boat, and sent him down to Calcutta. Mir Qasim Khan entered the Fort, mounted the masnad of Nizamat, and issued proclamations of peace and security in his own name.
114.1.2
He sent a message to Rajballab to bring back the Emperor to Azimabad, whilst he himself afterwards set out for Azimabad, in order to wait on the Emperor, after attending to and reassuring his army, and making some settlement in regard to their arrears of pay. Leaving his uncle, Mir Turab Ali Khan, as Deputy Nazim in Murshidabad, Mir Qasim carried with himself all his effects, requisites, elephants, horses, and treasures comprising cash and jewelleries of the harem, and even gold and silver decorations of the Imambara, amounting to several lacs in value, and bade farewell to the country of Bengal. After arriving at Monghyr, and attending to the work of strengthening its fortifications, he marched to Azimabad (Patna), in order to wait on the Emperor. Before Mir Qasim's arrival at Azimabad, the Emperor had returned to that place, and the English going forward to receive him had accommodated His Majesty in their own Factory. Subsequently, Qasim Ali Khan also arrived, had the honour of an audience with the Emperor, and received from the latter the title of Nawab Ali Jah Nasiru-l-mulk Imtiazu-d-daulah Qasim Ali Khan Nasrat Jang. But the officers of the Emperor marking some change in the conduct of Qasim Ali Khan marched back with the Emperor to Banaras, without giving any intimation thereof to the aforesaid Khan.
114.1.3
Nawab Qasim Ali Khan followed to Monghyr and resided there in 1175 A.H., after having finished his expeditions to Tirhut, Shahabad, and Azimabad, and after having left Rajah Naubat Rai as Deputy Subadar of Patna, in place of Ramnarain and Rajballab who were imprisoned. (See Seir, Vol. II, p. 711). Two days every week, the Nawab dispensed justice, attended personally to every State affair, and listened patiently to the complaints and grievances of everyone, however humble his position, and did not permit corruption or bribery to thwart the course of justice. He paid assiduous attention to the happiness of his people and to the comfort of his army, which he placed in a highly efficient state. He was, however, a terror to enemies and wrong-doers, and his vigorous personality pervaded all affairs of the State. Friends and foes alike respected him, and even the English regarded him as a real power in the land, and not as a shadow like Mir Jafar. He respected learning and the learned, and appreciated the company of scholars, savants, and saints. The one fatal mistake that he made was that he trusted implicitly the Armenian cut-throat, Gurgan Khan, who was the generalissimo of his Army and who was secretly bent on ruining him, and this one fatal mistake which embroiled him in a quarrel with the English subsequently proved disastrous to his power. See Seiru-l-Mutakherin, Vol. II, p. 712.
114.1.4
them up to the confines of Baksār and Jagadīshpur, and after pillaging those places returned to Azimabad, halted at the residence of Ramnarain, and set himself to the work of administration of the affairs of that place. When Qasim Ali Khan demanded from the English duties on their trade-goods, the latter refused to pay the same, and carried on their trade duty-free. Nawab Qasim Ali Khan remitted thereupon the duties leviable from all the traders of Bengal and Behar, and declared that so long as he failed to levy duties from the rich, he would hold back his hand from doing so, in the case of the poor. Owing to this cause, and owing to some other matters, a misunderstanding set in between him and the English chiefs. The Nawab now hatched plans for exterminating them. At length, he formed the resolution of putting them all to the sword on one day. In pursuance of this plan, he sent despatches to his Deputies and Faujdars in Bengal to the effect that on a certain fixed date everywhere, they should by means of treachery or violence massacre all the English residents. And after personally giving peremptory injunctions to the Generals of his army to kill and capture and pillage and plunder the English, he returned to Monghyr. And when on the day fixed, the army of Qasim Ali Khan prepared to discharge their commissioned task, a battle ensued with the English army.
114.1.5
At length after successive onslaughts, Nawab Qasim Ali Khan's army triumphed, and engaging in capturing and killing slew all the English, and plundered their factories. But Sadru-l-Haq Khan, Faujdar of Dinajpur, and the Rajah of Bardwan held back their hands from this wretched work. account of these events is neither so detailed nor so lucid as that of the Seiru-l-Muta'akherin, whose author Ghulam Husain Khan was an actor in, or actual spectator of, most of these scenes. From the Seir, it appears that after the re-capture of Patna, the next battle between the English and the Nawab's troops was fought at Katwah. The Nawab's Faujdar of Birbhum, Muhammad Taqi Khan, fought at this battle most gallantly, but his gallantry was of no avail, as Syed Muhammad Khan, Deputy Nazim of Murshidabad, failed, owing to jealousy that he bore, to support him, and prevented Jafar Khan, Alam Khan, and Shaikh Haibatu-l-lah also from re-inforcing him. (See Seir, Vol. II, pp. 729 to 731). After this, the English with Mir Jafar entered Murshidabad (Seir, Vol. II, p. 731). The news of the fall of his brave officers Muhammad Taqi Khan, disconcerted the Nawab, who hurried up re-inforcements under Sumroo, Mallear Armenian, and Asadullah, and directed them to concentrate at Suti with the vanquished troops of Katwah. Major Adams commanded the English army. At the battle of Suti, the Nawab's troops were defeated, and the English won the victory (See Seir, Vol. II, pp. 732-733).
114.1.6
On hearing of the defeat at Suti, the Nawab sent his Begams and children to the fort of Rohtas, whilst he himself set out with his general, the Armenian Gurgin Khan, to re-inforce his army that was now concentrated on the banks of the Adhua nalla, a stream taking its rise from the hills north of Rajmahal and flowing to the Ganges. This position was considered to be of strategic importance and impregnable, as it was accessible by only one secret passage. (See Seir, Vol. II, p. 734). On 24th Muharram in 1177 A.H., in the night, the Nawab marched out from the Monghyr Fort. Suspecting treachery from his officers as well as from his prisoners, and his suspicion being fanned by the Armenian Gurgin Khan, the Nawab before leaving Monghyr killed his prisoners, namely, Rajah Ramnarain, the quondam Naib Subadar of Behar, Rajah Rajballab, the quondam Diwan of Nawab Shahamat Jang, Rai Raian Umid Ram, Rajah Fateh Singh, Rajah Buniad Singh (zamindar of Tikari), Shaikh Abdullah, as well as others. The Nawab caused Ramnarain to be thrown into the river below Monghyr fort with a pitcher filled with sand tied to his neck. Gurgin Khan, not satisfied with this work of butchery, incited the Nawab to kill also his English prisoners, consisting of Mr. Elison and Dr. Fullerton and others of the Patna Factory. The Nawab, however, refused to kill them and placed extra guard on them.
114.1.7
Kamgar Khan Muin also joined the Nawab, who was encamped at the Champanagar nalla, but was sent away to Birbhum by the traitor, Gurgin Khan. (Seir, Vol. II, p. 735). At this time, Mir Ruju-d-din, son of the late Nawab Saif Khan of Purniah, deserted Mir Qasim's army, proceeded to Purniah, and made himself its master, and opened correspondence with Mir Jafar Khan and the English (Seir, Vol. II, p. 736). At Adhua, the Nawab's troops When Nawab Qasim Ali Khan made his entry into Monghyr, he summoned to his presence all the officers of the Nizamat of were wont for some time to sally out in the night by the secret passage, and to do havoc amongst English troops. Once they went so far as to attack Mir Jafar Khan's Camp, Mir Jafar Khan having come to Adhua with the English army. Mir Jafar was about to run away, when the English army re-inforced him. The English were thrown into consternation by these destructive night-attacks, and were at a loss to find out the passage by which the Nawab's troops approached the English entrenchments. At this time, an English soldier who had long ago left the English army and taken service under the Nawab, informed the English army of the secret passage (Seir, Vol. II, p. 737), and undertook to guide them to the Nawab's entrenchments at Adhua. With the help of this man, Colonel Goddard, with an English regiment, moved to the Nawab's entrenchment in the night.
114.1.8
The Nawab's army were in a false sense of security, fancying the position impregnable, and thinking that the secret passage to it was unknown to the English. The Nawab's army under Asadullah Khan, the Frenchman Sumroo, the Armenians, Malkar and Antony, were surprised by this night-attack of the English and defeated (Seir, Vol. II, p. 738), and dispersed on 26th Safar, 1177 A.H. On the second or third day, the news of this disaster reached the Nawab, who now moved to the Monghyr Fort. After halting there two or three days, he left that place with Gurgin Khan and others, placing the Fort in charge of one Arab Ali Khan, a protege and creature of Gurgin Khan, and reached the Kohua nulla. At this time, a leading nobleman named Ali Ibrahim Khan counselled the Nawab to release the English prisoners, named Messrs. Ellis, Jee, and Lushington and others, or at least to send their wives by boat to Major Adams. The Nawab referred Ali Ibrahim Khan to Gurgin Khan, the Armenian evil genius of the Nawab. The Armenian said no boats were available, and refused to listen to the humane counsel of Ali Ibrahim Khan. On the way, Gurgin Khan was hacked to pieces with the sword by some horseman, whose pay was in arrear. The Nawab moved from Kohua nulla to Barh, where Jagat Set and his brother Sarupchand were put to the sword under Nawab's orders.
114.1.9
From there the Nawab moved to Patna, where he received news that Arab Ali Khan, commandant of the Monghyr Fort, and a creature of Gurgin Khan, had accepted a bribe from the English, and treacherously made over the Fort to the latter. (Seir, Vol. II, p. 741). The Nawab was exasperated; he was filled with suspicion, and his annoyance knew no bounds. He ordered the Frenchman, Sumroo, to kill the English prisoners. This Sumroo, though of one religion with the English prisoners, willingly accepted this murderous errand, and on the night of the last day of Rabi-al-Awal, 1177 A.H., he shot down the English prisoners, who were lodged at the time in the house of the late Haji Ahmad, brother of Mahabat Jang. That house has since become the English burial-ground in Patna, (See Seir, Vol. II, p. 739). None escaped except Dr. Fullerton (Seir, Vol. II, p. 740). The Nawab accused Dr. Fullerton of treachery, which the latter Bengal, and set himself to the work of administering the several disavowed. The Nawab then spared his life. Dr. Fullerton subsequently escaped to Hajipur and joined the English army there (Seir, Vol. II, p. 741). The English next invaded Patna, and stormed the fort there [Seir, Vol. II, p. 742). The Nawab now crossed the Karamnassa river, and entered the territory of Nawab-Vizier Shujau-d-daulah. [Seir, p. 743).
114.1.10
The Nawab (Mir Qasim) now met the Nawab-Vizier Shujau-d-daulah and the Emperor near Allahabad, and induced them to help him in driving out the English from the Subahs of Behar and Bengal (Seir, Vol. II, p. 745). The Emperor, the Nawab-Vizier and the Nawab now marched to Benares where they encamped for some time, in order to invade Behar (p. 746 Seir). Dreading the approach of the Nawab-Vizier Shujau-d-daulah, the English with Mir Jafar, who had gone in pursuit of Mir Qasim, now retired from Baksar towards Patna. Shujau-d-daulah with his huge army and with Mir Qasim now overtook the English near Phulwari (p. 749, Seir, Vol. II). There were skirmishes, followed by a battle in which the English army reeled, but the result was indecisive, owing to absence of concerted action between Mir Qasim and Shujau-d-daulah (pp. 749-750, Seir, Vol. II). At the same time, Mir Mehdi Khan, who had before fought so bravely for Mir Qasim and re-captured the Patna Fort from the English, now deserted his old master, Mir Qasim, and joined the English (p. 750, Seir, Vol. II).
114.2.1
The Nawab-Vizier with Mir Qasim now retired to Baksar (Seir pp. 751). At this time, from the English side, Dr. Fullerton used Ghulam Husain Khan, the author of the Seir, as a spy, and wrote to him to induce the Emperor to give his support to the English, and to withhold his support of the Nawab-Vizier (p. 751, Seir, Vol. II). Ghulam Husain Khan and his father Hedait Ali Khan, who held jagirs at Husainabad in Monghyr district, held a peculiar position at the time. They professed friendship both for Dr. Fullerton and the English, and also for Mir Qasim and the Nawab-Vizier. They were all things to all men, and enjoyed friendship and influence amongst both the hostile parties. They opened secret correspondence with the Emperor, and induced the latter to give his moral support to the English (p. 751, Seir, Vol. II). A conference was now held between Ghulam Husain Khan who now played the role of an English spy and between Major Carnac, Dr. Fullerton and Mir Jafar, and a reply was sent through Ghulam Hosain Khan and other spies to the Emperor. In the meantime, Shujau-d-daulah fell out with Mir Qasim (p. 752). Mir Qasim now assumed the garb of a faqir, but was shortly after induced to give it up, at the entreaties of Shujau-d-daulah who found his honour was at stake. Shortly after, Mir Qasim's French officer, Sumroo, the infamous perpetrator of the Patna massacre, mutinied against Mir Qasim, and was paid up and discharged by the latter.
114.2.2
Then this infamous Frenchman took service under Shujau-d-daulah with all the guns and ammunition of his old master, Mir Qasim (p. 755, Vol. II, Seir). The Nawab-Vizier shamelessly imprisoned his refugee Mir Qasim ; all people deserted the latter, except his onefold brave and loyal officer, Ali Ibrahim Khan, who clung to his old master with a fidelity uncommon in those treacherous days. When Shujau- -danlah spoke ill of Mir Qasim, and wondered why Ali Ibrahim Khan clung to Mir Qasim, in spite of the latter speaking ill of Ali Ibrahim, the latter returned a manly and dignified answer which brought tears even to the eyes of the mean Nawab-Vizier. Ali Ibrahim said: 'To my knowledge, I have not been guilty of any dereliction in duty to my master (Mir Qasim), except that after the events at Patna, whilst his other officers counselled him to go to the Dakhin, and secure support of the Mahrattas, I alone insisted on Mir Qasim to seek shelter with you, the Nawab-Vizier, and with the Emperor!" (p. 757, Vol. II, Seir.) At this time, Major Munro, commander of the English army in Patna, wrote through Dr. Fullerton to Ghulam Husain Khan, the author of the Seir, to use his influence in acquiring the Fort of Rohtas for the English. Ghulam Husain Khan tampered with Mir Qasim's commandant Rajah Sahmel, and induced the latter to make over the Fort of Rohtas to Captain Goddard of the English army (p. 758, Seir, Vol. II). Mir Jafar now returned to Murshidabad, where he died (Seir, Vol. II, pp.
114.2.3
758 759), on 14th Shaban, 1178. Mir Jafar before setting out for Calcutta had left his brother, Mir Muhammad Kazim Khan, as Deputy Nazim of Patna, with Dhiraj Narain (Ramnarain's brother) as Diwan under the latter. Mir Jafar appointed Nando Kumar as his Diwan (p. 759, Seir, Vol. II), and imprisoned Muhammad Riza Khan, Deputy Nazim of Dacca (Jahangirnagar), who was son-in-law of Rabia Begam and Ataullah Khan Sabat Jang. From fear of the prestige and power of Shujau-d-daulah and from fear of the odium they would incur by engaging in a war with the Emperor, both Mir Jafar and the English seriously contemplated patching up a peace with the Nawab-Vizier and the Emperor, leaving to them the Behar Provinces, and stipulating to pay them a fixed revenue for Bengal (p. 760, Vol. II, Seir). This was, however, not to be, owing to the Nawab-Vizier's ambition which would accept of no compromise, but aimed at an exclusive domination over the whole Empire. Whilst Mir Jafar was yet alive in Calcutta, Major Munro succeeded Major Carnac in the command of the English army, and was ordered in Safar 1178 A.H., to proceed to Baksar to fight with the Nawab-Vizier Shujau-d-daulah who was offensive in his correspondence with the English Council in Calcutta. The Nawab-Vizier and his army were in a sense of false security and were immersed in pleasures, frivolities and amusements, as if they had come for a picnic.
114.2.4
On Major Munro's arrival, the Nawab-Vizier with his army hurriedly took up a position on the north-west of a jhil or marshy sheet of water. The English army rested on the south-east of the jhil. The Nawab-Vizier posted Sumroo and Madak with eight guns and eight regiments of Mir Qasim to cover his front. The Nawab-Vizier's army was composed of three wings. The right wing was commanded by the Nawab-Vizier himself, his centre was commanded by Shuja Quli Khan with six thousand Mughal troops, and his left wing was under the command of Rajah Beni Bahadur, Nawab-Vizier's Deputy Subadar in Oudh and Allahabad. The left flank of the left wing rested on the banks of the Ganges. The battle opened with a cannonade, which was briskly kept up on both sides, and which did its destructive work on both sides. Then the Nawab-Vizier with his Mughal and Duranian troops made a flanking sally from towards the right of his own artillery, assaulted Major Munro's cavalry and camp, and worked havoc in the English army. From the brisk cannonade kept up by Madak and Sumroo, and from the repeated assaults of the Nawab-Vizier, the English army was hard-pressed. Major Munro grasping the crisis and finding a frontal attack impossible, owing to the muddy jhil lying in front of him, quickly detached a corps under Captain Nau to make a flanking movement from the side of the river, in order to attack the Nawab-Vizier's left wing, commanded by Rajah Beni Bahadur.
114.2.5
This corps approached slowly, and reached the plain of the ruins amidst which Rajah Beni Bahadur's troops lay. Shaikh Ghulam Qadir and other Shaikh Zadas of Lucknow who formed the van of Rajah Beni Bahadur's army, stood with guns behind a wall amidst those ruins. The English regiments slowly and circumspectly, without disclosing themselves, crept up to the summit of the wall, and it was only when they rolled down stones on the heads of the Rajah's troops that rested behind the wall at its foot, that these woke up from their slumber. It was only then that Shaikh Ghulam Qadir and his kinsmen and followers came to know of the arrival of the English regiment, and rose up to fight. Before, however, these Shaikhs could arrange their force in fighting array, the English regiment commenced firing their muskets, and killed Ghulam Qadir and his kinsmen, whilst others fled. At this time, Rajah Beni Bahadur asked Ghalib Khan, a notable of Delhi, what course he was to follow. Ghalib Khan answered that if the Rajah cared for his honour, he must die fighting, or else must run away. Then for a time the Rajah engaged in fighting, but shortly after changing his mind, and preferring not to die, ran away.
114.2.6
In the meantime, hearing the booming of cannons by the English regiment on the heads of Shaikh Ghulam Qadir and Rajah Beni Bahadur, Shuja Quli Khan's jealousy was aroused, and fancying that the booming proceeded from the Rajah's army, and that the Rajah would soon achieve the honour of a victory, without stopping to enquire into the matter, he forthwith sallied out of his position, advanced across Sumroo and Madak, who in consequence had to suspend their cannonade, and waded across the jhil full of mud. The English artillery from front now quickened their cannonade, and Shuja Quli Khan and his soldiers uselessly sacrificed their lives, having lost the cover of their own artillery. The British regiment now penetrated through the entrenchments of Rajah Beni Bahadur who had fled, and attacked the wing of the Nawab-Vizier, as the ground between was already cleared by the foolish and disastrous forward movement of Shuja Quli Khan. Then the Nawab-Vizier's army reeled and broke, the Nawab-Vizier himself stood the ground for some time, but seeing himself deserted by his troops, retreated to Allahabad, whilst his Mughal and Duranian troops as well as English troops, commenced plundering his tents. Mir Qasim who was a prisoner in the hands of the Nawab-Vizier had been released one day before this battle, and after the battle fled to Benares. (See Seir, Vol. II, pp. 761-763).
114.2.7
Jagat Set Mahtab Rai, Rajah Sarup Chand (Jagat Set's brother), the Zamindars of Dinajpur, Nadiah, Kharakpur, Birbhum, and Rajshahi, &c., and Dulal Rai, Diwan of Bhojpur, Fatih Singh, the Rajah of Tikari, son of Rajah Sundar, and Ramnarain, Deputy Governor of the Subah of Azimabad, Muhammad Masum, and Munshi Jagat Rai and others, the Nawab threw them into prison. And after strengthening the Fort of Monghyr, the Nawab sent a large army to Bengal. In the vicinity of Rajmahal, on the banks of the river Adhuah, he reviewed his army, and sent despatches to the Faujdars and the Deputy Nazim of Bengal, directing and instructing them peremptorily to fight with the English. Amongst them, Shaikh Hidayatullah, Deputy Faujdar of Nadiah, with a large army, Jafar Khan, and Alam Khan, Commandant of the Turkish bodyguard of the Nawab, swiftly advanced to Katwah to fight. From the other side, the English army proclaiming Nawab Jafar Ali Khan as Subadar of Bengal, and taking him in their company advanced to fight, and at a distance of two karoh entrenched itself at Dainhat. On the 3rd of the month of Muharram, both the armies arraying themselves for battle kindled the fire of warfare. The army of Qasim Ali Khan, after the fall of a number of men whose moment for death had arrived, being defeated, fled to Palasi (Plassey) to Muhammad Taqi Khan, Faujdar of Birbhum. After two or three days, when the army of Bengal had collected together, the English Generals arrived pursuing them.
114.2.8
Muhammad Taqi Khan, with a large army, advanced to fight, but fell on being wounded with a gun-shot. His army being defeated, retired to Murshidabad. Syed Muhammad Khan, who held the office of Deputy Nazim of Bengal after the departure of Mir Turab Ali Khan for Monghyr, came out of the City of Murshidabad with the troops at hand, and entrenched himself at Chunakhali. But, when the news of the approach of the English army arrived, his troops (many of whom had already received wounds in their fightings with the English) without engaging in battle and without firing their guns and muskets abandoned their entrenchments, and fled to Suti. The army of Qasim Ali Khan arrived at Suti, where Sumroo the Frenchman, with other Generals and troops, was already from before. But the English not abandoning their pursuit followed them up, and a great battle ensued at Suti. In that the star of Nawab Qasim Ali Khan's luck was waning, and the fortune of the English was in the ascendant, after severe fighting, in this battle also the English triumphed. The army of Nawab Qasim Ali Khan, unable to stand the cannonade of the English artillery, were defeated, and retired to the banks of the Adhuah nulla, which was their camping ground from before. There all the troops of the Nawab collected together, and renewed fighting. At length, many of the Generals of Nawab Qasim Ali Khan's army, including Gurgin Khan, Commander of the Nawab's Artillery corps, as well as others, conspired with the English.
114.2.9
The English, thus freed from anxiety, made a night-attack, and broke the Nawab's army, which fled. A severe defeat was thus sustained by the Nawab. The defeated army in a worsted condition retreated to Monghyr. Nawab Qasim Ali Khan, on receiving news of this defeat, lost heart, and was thrown into consternation. In view of the disloyalty and treachery of the traitors who had eaten his salt, the Nawab felt himself unequal for a contest, and abandoning all ideas of warfare he set out in an anxious mood for Azimabad. The Nawab now killed Gurgin Khan on account of his treachery, and also slew Jagat Set and his brother, who were the plotters of this treacherous conspiracy, and who had sent out secret messages inviting Jafar Ali Khan and the Christian English, and whose treasonable correspondence had been intercepted. The Nawab also killed other Zamindars, &c., who from before were in prison, and each of whom was unrivalled in his day for hatching plots and intrigues. After arrival at Azimabad, there, too, not finding himself secure, the Nawab sent his Begams to the Fort of Rohtas, whilst he himself proceeded to the Subah of Oudh to the Vazirul-Mulk Nawab Shujau-d-daulah Bahadur. There also he fell out with the Nawab-Vizier, who confiscated much of his treasures. From thence departing, the Nawab retired to the hills, and in those tracts he lingered some years in various mishaps, and at length died.