The Rashīdī History 5: Epitomised Account of the Khans of Moghulistan. (Chiefly from Erskine.)
The Tarikh-i-Rashidi (Elias, Ross) 5
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Epitomised Account of the Khans of Moghulistan. (Chiefly from Erskine.)
5.1
Isan Bugha Khan seems to have been called into Moghulistan about A.H. 721 (1321), and to have reigned till 730 (1330).
An Interregnum.
Tughluk Timur Khan, son of Isan Bugha, born about 730, began to reign 748 (1347), died 764 (1363).
Usurpation of Amir Kamar-ud-Din. It was against him that the expeditions of Timur into Moghulistan were directed—A.H. 768-94 (1367-1392).
Khizir Khwaja Khan, son of Tughluk Timur, raised to the throne in 791, before Kamar-ud-Din's death. He reigned till 801 (1399), and was succeeded by his son,
Shama-i-Jahan, who was succeeded by his brother,
Nakhsh-i-Jahan, who was succeeded by his brother,
Muhammad Khan, who was succeeded by his son,
Shir Muhammad Khan, who was succeeded by his nephew,
Sultan Vais Khan, the son of Shir Ali Oghlan, the brother of Shir Muhammad. Sultan Vais was killed 832 (1428-9).
On the death of Vais there was a division among the Moghuls, some adhering to Yunus Khan, the eldest son of Vais, others to Isan Bugha II., the younger son.
Yunus Khan, who was expelled 832 (1429), returned 860 (1456), and regained the western part of Moghulistan. Hostilities were maintained between the eastern and western Moghuls till the death of his grand-nephew, Kabak Sultan, when he reigned without a rival.
5.2
In the latter part of his life, the remoter tribes of the steppes, displeased with his fondness for towns, separated from him, and acknowledged his second son, Sultan Ahmad, or Alicha Khan, as their Khan—so that the kingdom was again divided into two during his lifetime. He died 892 H. (1487).
Sultan Mahmud Khan, Yunus' eldest son, succeeded his father in Tashkand and as chief of the western tribes. He was defeated by Shaibani Khan in 908 (1502-3), lost Tashkand and Sairam, and was finally put to death by Shaibani in 914 H. (1508-9).
Isan Bugha II., raised to the throne in 832 H. (1429), and through life supported by the eastern Moghuls, died 866 (1462), was succeeded by his son
Dust Muhammad Khan, who ruled in the eastern districts (Uighuristan, etc.), died 873 (1468-9).
Kabak Sultan Oghlan, his son, ruled for a time about Turfan, or Uighuristan, where he was murdered.
Sultan Ahmad Khan, second son of Yunus, governed the eastern Moghuls in Aksu and Uighuristan. He was generally known as Alachi Khan—"the slaughtering Khan." He was bent on making himself absolute ruler of the steppes, destroyed the chiefs, and curtailed the power of many of the tribes. Defeated by Shaibani Khan in 908 (1502-3), he died of grief in 909 (1503-4).
5.3
The death of Sultan Ahmad was followed by many civil wars and much anarchy in Moghulistan. His elder brother, Sultan Mahmud, invaded his dominions from the west. Sultan Ahmad's numerous sons contended with one another. Several sections of the people, and among others the Kirghiz, separated from the main body. The anarchy and civil wars lasted some years. The country was overrun by Aba Bakr (a Dughlat) of Kashghar, by the Kalmaks and the Kazaks. The whole of the tribes of Moghulistan never again united under one head. Two Khanates and the confederation of the Kirghiz-Kazaks seem to have arisen out of the ruins of the Khanate of the Moghuls. Sultan Mansur, the eldest son of Sultan Ahmad, Mansur Khan, Sultan Ahmad's eldest son, was acknowledged and ruled in Turfan and the eastern provinces — i.e., Uighuristan. He died in 950 (1543-4), having reigned two years along with his father, and forty more by himself; he was succeeded by his son, Shah Khan.
established himself in Aksu, Turfan, etc., and a new Khanate arose in Kashghar and the western provinces.
Sultan Said Khan, third son of Sultan Ahmad, in Rajab 920 (Sept. 1514), or eleven years after his father's death, seized Kashghar, and expelled Aba Bakr Mirza. He died 16 Zilhajah 939 (9 July, 1533); and was succeeded by his son, Abdur Rashid Khan, who died 973 (1565-6); and was succeeded by his son, Abdul Karim.
5.4
Meanwhile in the steppes of Moghulistan, the Kirghiz established themselves under Khans of their own, and in process of time, formed a kind of federative union with the Kazak Uzbegs, which has, in some degree, lasted to the present day, and has been called "the three hordes of Kirghiz."