[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Dark Ages](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages) › [Kashmir](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.kashmir) › [Tārīkh-i Rashīdī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.kashmir.tarikh-i-rashidi) › [The Tarikh-i-Rashidi (Elias, Ross)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.kashmir.tarikh-i-rashidi~en-ross) › 8.2.1 # The Rashīdī History 8.2.1 The Tarikh-i-Rashidi (Elias, Ross) 8.2.1 - **Language:** English ### [8.2.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.kashmir.tarikh-i-rashidi~en-ross.8.2.1) It appears from Wassaf that there was, indeed, a tribe among the Mongols named Kuranos towards the end of the twelfth century, though the name is not traceable in Rashid-ud-Din's lists, unless we are prepared to recognise it in that which Dr. Erdmann transliterates "Ghuranut" (where the final ut is only the Mongol plural) or "Ghurulas". In any case, the form Kuranos is said to have afterwards become modified in Persia, into Karawanas, which, but for the absence of an accent on the third a, is the same spelling as Mirza Haidar's. But the fact that a tribe, or sub-tribe, bearing this name existed in the twelfth or thirteenth centuries, in no way accounts for its having been applied, as a general term of contempt, to the Chaghatais as a people: there must have been some other reason and origin. The name itself was found, by Quatremère, never to appear previous to the Mongol invasions of the west, or subsequent to the date of the Zafar-Nama—viz., 1424. Marco Polo was one of the earliest to mention it, and he gives it the form Caraonas. He relates that he met with the Caraonas at Kirman and, apparently also, at other places in Persia farther north, and describes them as a robber tribe who were "the sons of Indian mothers by Tartar fathers." Probably the word "Indian" may have been employed by him in a very broad sense, or it may, as Sir H. Yule has suggested, perhaps stand for Biluchi; - [Previous: 8.1.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.kashmir.tarikh-i-rashidi~en-ross.8.1.7) - [Next: 8.2.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.kashmir.tarikh-i-rashidi~en-ross.8.2.2) - [Up: 8.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.kashmir.tarikh-i-rashidi~en-ross.8.2) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.kashmir.tarikh-i-rashidi~en-ross.8.2.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.kashmir.tarikh-i-rashidi~en-ross.8.2.1) · Pramāṇa