[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Dark Ages](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages) › [Kashmir](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.kashmir) › [Tārīkh-i Rashīdī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.kashmir.tarikh-i-rashidi) › [The Tarikh-i-Rashidi (Elias, Ross)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.kashmir.tarikh-i-rashidi~en-ross) › 8.4.3 # The Rashīdī History 8.4.3 The Tarikh-i-Rashidi (Elias, Ross) 8.4.3 - **Language:** English ### [8.4.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.kashmir.tarikh-i-rashidi~en-ross.8.4.3) Juvaini, the author of the Jahan Kushai, applies to the Mongols the passage from the Koran: "Beware of provoking the Turks, for they are formidable." Abul-feda quotes an Arab author to the effect that the Russians are a people of Turkish race, when pointing to them as belonging to the group of non-Musulman and non-Tajik inhabitants of what were regarded as civilised countries. Ibn Haukal, touching on the question from a geographical point of view, writes: "Tiraz \[Taraz\] is on the extreme frontier between the country of the Turks and that of the Musulmans"; yet the Musulmans, in this case, were, to a great degree, of Turki race. And, again, Minhaj-ud-Din mentions an invasion of Tibet (from Upper Bengal apparently) and says: "All the people \[of Tibet\] were Turks, archers, and \[furnished with\] long bows." Idrisi, also, in speaking of Tibet, says: "This is the country of the Tibetan Turks"; and afterwards: "This intervening space is covered with pastures, forests, and strong castles belonging to the Tibetan Turks." Further on again, he tells us: "There are Turks of very diverse races" (de races très diverses); and he proceeds to detail, among others, the Tibetans and the Kalmaks. The names of the remaining tribes he mentions in this passage, are spelled in so unintelligible a manner, that I can recognise none but the Kirghiz and Kipchaks, with whom he thus classes the Tibetans and the Kalmaks as, all alike, Turks! - [Previous: 8.4.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.kashmir.tarikh-i-rashidi~en-ross.8.4.2) - [Next: 8.4.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.kashmir.tarikh-i-rashidi~en-ross.8.4.4) - [Up: 8.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.kashmir.tarikh-i-rashidi~en-ross.8.4) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.kashmir.tarikh-i-rashidi~en-ross.8.4.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.kashmir.tarikh-i-rashidi~en-ross.8.4.3) · Pramāṇa