[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Dark Ages](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages) › [Kashmir](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.kashmir) › [Tārīkh-i Rashīdī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.kashmir.tarikh-i-rashidi) › [The Tarikh-i-Rashidi (Elias, Ross)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.kashmir.tarikh-i-rashidi~en-ross) › 9.4.4 # The Rashīdī History 9.4.4 The Tarikh-i-Rashidi (Elias, Ross) 9.4.4 - **Language:** English ### [9.4.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.kashmir.tarikh-i-rashidi~en-ross.9.4.4) In contrast to the low-lying group of oases in the burning desert, and among the "fire hills," there rise immediately to the north, the eastern ranges of the Tian Shan, with summits reaching to 12,000 or 14,000 feet above the sea, and capped with eternal snow. One of these is the famous Bogdo-Ula of the Mongols and Kalmaks, or the Tengri-Tagh of the Kirghiz; a mountain that, for ages past, has been held sacred by the pastoral tribes that have inhabited the regions around, and whose people have venerated it, no doubt, because it is the central and most commanding feature of their landscape, and the parent of many of the streams that bring them life. Yet, in spite of its natural drawbacks of heat and drought, the country appears to have supported, at times during its history, a fairly large population, and to have been one of the chief centres of the Buddhists in the earlier centuries of the Middle Ages; for these communities have left many relics behind them, not only in the shape of buildings, but also of inscriptions and objects of art. The Russian traveller Grijmailo speaks of a place called Singim, lying to the south of Lu-ko-tsin (the old Liu-Cheng), where "leaflets enclosed in horn and wooden boxes," and bearing ancient writings in a language now unknown, are still, from time to time, unearthed; while Dr. - [Previous: 9.4.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.kashmir.tarikh-i-rashidi~en-ross.9.4.3) - [Next: 9.4.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.kashmir.tarikh-i-rashidi~en-ross.9.4.5) - [Up: 9.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.kashmir.tarikh-i-rashidi~en-ross.9.4) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.kashmir.tarikh-i-rashidi~en-ross.9.4.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.kashmir.tarikh-i-rashidi~en-ross.9.4.4) · Pramāṇa