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# Shri Shiv Chatrapati Caritr 1: LIFE OF SIVA CHHATRAPATI

Siva Chhatrapati (S. N. Sen) 1

- **Language:** English

## Contents

- [1.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.1) — 9 parts
- [1.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.2) — 7 parts
- [1.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.3) — 7 parts
- [1.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.4) — 8 parts
- [1.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.5) — 7 parts
- [1.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.6) — 7 parts
- [1.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.7) — 7 parts
- [1.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.8) — 7 parts
- [1.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.9) — 6 parts
- [1.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.10) — 7 parts
- [1.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.11) — 8 parts
- [1.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.12) — 7 parts
- [1.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.13) — 8 parts
- [1.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.14) — 8 parts
- [1.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.15) — 8 parts
- [1.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.16) — 9 parts
- [1.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.17) — 8 parts
- [1.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.18) — 7 parts
- [1.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.19) — 7 parts

### LIFE OF SIVA CHHATRAPATI

### [1.1.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.1.1)

To Srimant Maharaj Rajasri Rajaram Saheb Chhatrapati. With humble respects, his servant Krshnaji Anant Sabhasad, begs to submit thus, — Your Majesty graciously enquired of your servant, — "Our father, the great king, (or the elder king) performed so many feats of bravery and subdued four different empires (Padshahis). In spite of his performing such prodigies of valour, Aurangzib came, and captured many of the forts. What was the cause of this? You are a man well informed of (the affairs) of the old kingdom. Write therefore a biography from the beginning." So said Your Majesty. Accordingly I beg to submit the information thus: —

### [1.1.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.1.2)

The King's father, the elder Maharaj was Rajsri Sahaji Raje; — his father, that is, the Raje's grandfather, Maloji Raje and Vithoji Raje Bhonsle held Jaigirs as high officers under the Nizamsahi and enjoyed great importance. He had great devotion for Sri Sambhu Mahadev. Upon that hill a fair is held in the month of Chaitra, when five to seven lakhs of people assemble. There was much scarcity of drinking water. Water there was none. It had to be brought from a distance of three cosses. People were much distressed (by it). So Maloji Raje selected a site there and constructed a big tank (by building an embankment), so that water might be had for use by all the people. An immense sum of money was spent. The tank was wholly filled with water. As soon as this was done Sri Sambhu Mahadev appeared in a dream at night \[6\] and pleased (with Maloji) said — "I will be incarnate in your family, — the gods and the Brahmans will I protect and destroy the mlechchhas. The sovereignty of the South I confer on your family." These words were thrice repeated by way of blessing. Thereupon the Raje was highly pleased and performed many deeds of charity.

### [1.1.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.1.3)

Then two sons, Rajsri Sahaji Raje and Rajsri Sarafji Raje were born of Rajs'ri Maloji Raje. Both obtained Jaigirs under the Pads'ahi. While they were still in service the Nizamsahi came to an end. After that Sahaji Raje became a noble of the Adilsahi. The title of Maharaj was conferred on him. He maintained an army of ten to twelve thousand soldiers. Sahaji Raje had two wives. The first wife was Jijai Au, and the second wife Tukai Au. Ekoji Raje, a son, was born of the latter. As soon as a son, Rajasri Sivaji Raje was born of Jijai Au, Sri Sambhu Mahadev stirred himself and said in a dream — "I myself have descended \[to earth\]. I will in future perform many feats of valour. \[7\] You should keep (the child) with you for twelve years Do not keep him afterwards. Let him go wherever he will. Do not restrain him." Such was the prophecy. Sahaji Raje used \[thereafter\] to reside at Bengrul\[=Bangalore\] in the Karnatak.

### [1.1.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.1.4)

Naropant Dikshit served as his agent (Karbhari). Two very intelligent sons Raghunath Pant and Janardan Pant were born to him. The Pargana of Puna was within Sahaji Raje's Jaigirs. The intelligent and shrewd Dadaji Konddev had been appointed there. He went to Bengrul to see the Maharaja, Rajasri Sivaji Raje and Jijai Au went with him. The Raje was then 12 years of age. Dadaji Pant and the Raje were despatched to Puna. With them were sent a man named Sam Rav Nilkanth as Peswa, Balkrishna Pant, cousin of Naro Pant Dikshit, as Majumdar, Sono Pant as Dabir and Raghunath Ballal as Sabnis. They came to Puna.

### [1.1.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.1.5)

On coming \[there\], he \[Dadaji Konddev\] took possession of the twelve Mawals. The Mawle Desmukhs were seized, and taken in hand, the refractory among them were put to death. Then in course of time Dadaji Konddev died. Henceforth Sivaji himself began to manage his own affairs. At a place in the Mahal of Supe, was his uncle, his stepmother's brother, named Sambhaji Mohita. The Maharaja had appointed him to the charge of the Mahal. Sivaji went to see him on the pretence of asking for post on the day of the Simga festival. The mama (uncle) was thrown into prison. He had three hundred horses of his own stable and much wealth. All his belongings and clothes were taken possession of, and Supe annexed. One Tukoji Chor Maratha was made Sarnobat of the army (Sarnobat=a general), Sam Rav Nilkanth Peswa, Balkrshna Pant Majumdar, Naro Pant, Sonaji Pant and Raghunath Ballal Sabnis, with these men as his Karbharis he conducted his affairs with much care and prudence.

### [1.1.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.1.6)

Then he plundered the city of Junnar. Two hundred horses were captured. He returned to Puna with goods worth 3 lakhs of Hons besides clothes and jewels. Then he looted the city of Ahmadnagar, fought a great battle with the Moghuls, captured seven hundred horses. He captured elephants also, much wealth was found. The Paga, at that time numbered twelve hundred and the Siledars two thousand; \[9\] there was thus a total of three thousand horsemen. Mankoji Dahatonde was then made Sarnobat of the forces. Then the fort of Kondana that belonged to the Adilsahi was taken by assault. He established his own military outpost (thana) there. At that time, died a brahman named Nilkantha Rav, commandant of the Adilsahi fort of Purandar. His two sons began to quarrel with each other (about the succession). The Raje went to Purandar to mediate between them. And he possessed himself of the fort by imprisoning the two brothers. He established his own garrison \[there\]. After this he raided Kalyan and Bhivandi in Konkan and took the Adilsahi fort of Mahuli. (He) went on enlisting the Mawles. A hill called Murband was fortified. It was renamed Rajgad. The hill-side was also terraced and fortified. One Chandar Rav More reigned in Konkan and Surve reigned at Sringarpur. Sirke was his minister (Pradhan). In this manner did they rule and hold strong forts and hill forts and about 10,000 to 12,000 forces with infantry. Raghunath Ballal Sabnis was summoned and sent to him.

### [1.1.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.1.7)

When questioned (Sivaji) said to him — "The principality cannot be conquered unless Chandar Rav is killed, \[10\] and none but you can execute this work. You are to go to him on an embassy." With him were appointed one hundred to hundred and twenty-five choice swordsmen. They rode to a place near Jawli and then sent a verbal message to Chandar Rav — "We have come from the Raje, we have some negotiations and alliance to make." So they told him. Then he invited them to him and granted an audience. Some pretended negotiations were made. (Raghunath) then retired to the quarters appointed for him and remained there. He went back (to the court) next day, got a private audience, made a parley and as chance offered (itself) stabbed the two brothers Chandar Rav and Suryaji Rav with a dagger. He came out and started for his band. Those who pursued him were killed and out he went. When the chief himself had fallen why should his men exert themselves? This deed performed, he came back to meet the Raje. The Raja at once led an expedition in person and captured Jawli. The Mawles were granted assurances of safety and enlisted. A new fort called Pratapgad was erected. Hanmant Rav, a brother of Chandar Rav, had strengthened himself at a place called Chaturbet, belonging to Jawli. The thorn of Jawli could not be removed unless he was killed. Cognisant of this, the Raje sent Sambhaji Kavji, a Mahaldar of his, to Hanmant Rav on a diplomatic project.

### [1.1.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.1.8)

Sambhaji Kavji got a private audience with him on the pretence of negotiating a matrimonial alliance and stabbed Hanmant Rav to death with a dagger. Jawli was conquered. There was a rebel named Babji Raje in the valley of Sivtar. He was put into prison and his eyes were put out. Then an expedition was made against the ruling chief Surve. Singarpur was captured. Surve fled to another province. His Karbhari Sirke was won over and the province was taken possession of. Some villages (mahals) were conferred on him (Sirke) and his daughter, the Raja, got married to his son (Sambhaji). In this manner the two principalities of Jawli and Srngarpur were conquered. The Brahman Moro Trimbak Pingle had laboured hard in this connection and the Pes'wa-ship was on that account taken from Samrav Nilkanth and conferred on Moro Pant; Nilo Sondev also had worked hard and was therefore appointed Surnis; one Gangaji Mangaji was appointed Vaknis, Prabhakar Bhat, a great Brahman, was Upadhyaya (family priest); the office was continued to his sons Balam Bhat and Govind Bhat. Netaji Palkar was made Sarnobat of the forces. During Netaji's Sarnobat-ship the Paga numbered seven thousand and the Siledars three thousand; the whole army was thus ten thousand strong, about 10,000 Mawles were enlisted. One Yesaji Kank was made their Sarnobat. In this manner were careful arrangements made for the kingdom. The Raja's wife — he had married Sai Bai the daughter of the Nimbalkar — was delivered of a child.

### [1.1.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.1.9)

\[12\] A son was born. He was named Sambhaji Raje. Great festivities took place. Many deeds of charity were performed. The Raja remained at Rajgad.

### [1.2.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.2.1)

Then the Badshah at Delhi learnt this news. Ali Adilsaha reigned at Bijapur while the entire administration was in the hands of Badi Sahebin, the wife of Sultan Muhammad. She felt much distressed when she learnt this news. Padshahi forts had been captured, provinces conquered (one or two) some principalities overthrown. He (Sivaji) had turned a rebel. She contemplated the means to be adopted for routing and killing him and wrote a letter to Rajsri Sahaji Raje then at Bengrul. A Mahaldar was sent (to him) with the letter: — "Although you are a servant of this Government, you have committed treachery by sending your son Sivaji to Puna and upsetting the authority of the Badshah there. He has captured some forts belonging to the Badshah, conquered and plundered several districts and provinces, overthrown one or two principalities and killed some chiefs submissive to the Badshah. Now keep your son under proper control or your Jaigir (province over which Sahaji had been appointed governor) will be confiscated." Then the Maharaja answered — "Although Sivaji is my son he has fled from me. He is no longer under my control. I am a faithful dependent of the Badshah. Though Sivaji is my son His Majesty may attack him, or deal with him in any way he likes, I shall not interfere." So answered he.

### [1.2.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.2.2)

\[13\]. Thereupon the Dowager Queen (Badi Sahebin) summoned all the Adilshahi nobles and ministers and asked them to march against Sivaji but no one agreed. Afzal Khan, a wazir, however, agreed; saying: "What is Sivaji? I will bring him alive, a prisoner, without alighting from my horse (even for once)." When he asserted this, the princess (Badshah Zadi) became pleased (with him) and gave him clothes, ornaments, elephant, horse, wealth, promotion and honour and despatched him with Omraos of note at the head of twelve thousand horse besides infantry. Then the whole force was mobilised and set off in a vast array. Then they came to Tuljapur. They came there and encamped. Sri Bhavani, the patron deity of the Maharaja's family, was broken (into pieces), thrown into a hand-mill and pounded into dust. No sooner was Bhavani broken than a heavenly voice was heard — Afzal Khan ! thou mean wretch ! On the twenty-first day from this will I behead thee ; the whole of thy army will I destroy and satiate the 90 million Chamundas (bloodsucking deities)." So said the bodyless voice.

### [1.2.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.2.3)

Then the army marched and came to Pandharpur. They descended to the valley of the Bhima \[rather the Mann river\]. They came to Wai committing sacrilege on the gods (along their route). There they decided that some one should be sent on an embassy to the Raje and he should be captured alive when his confidence had been inspired by the conclusion of a truce. Krshnaji Bhaskar, the envoy, was summoned and instructed (to say) that — " The old friendship between your father the Maharaja and myself has been continued in brotherly intercourse. You are not on that account a stranger to me. You should come and see me. I shall obtain for you the grant of the principality of Talkonkan and a Jaigir from the Badshah. The forts and hill forts you have captured, I shall get confirmed in your possession. I shall get for you further distinctions. I shall have conferred on you as big a Saranjam as you may want. If you like to see the Badshah you may, if not, I shall get you exempted from the regular attendance at court. You should peacefully bring the Raja for an interview, by making some such professions. Else we shall come." So was Krshnaji Pant instructed. And then he arranged to despatch him. In the meantime (or then) the Raja got the news that Afzal Khan has been appointed at the head of twelve thousand horse (to march against him) from Bijapur. When he learnt this, the Raja decided to mobilise all his forces, fight at Jawli and to go to Pratapgad in person. Then he was dissuaded by all ;

### [1.2.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.2.4)

" You (they counselled) should not give battle, peace should be concluded." The Raja answered to that — " As he killed Sambhaji, so will he kill me. I will do what is possible before I am killed. Peace I will not conclude." This decision was made. That night Sri Bhavani of Tuljapur appeared (to him) in a bodily shape and said — " I am pleased. I shall assist you in everything. At your hands I shall get Afzal killed. I grant you success. Thou shouldst have no anxiety." In this manner did the goddess enliven him with resolution and confidence and assured him of security. The Raje awoke, called Jija Bai Au and related to her the details of the dream. And men of note, like Gomaji Naik Pansambal Jamdar, Krshnaji Naik, Subhanji Naik and Sardars and Sarkarkuns like Moropant and Nijopant and Annajipant and Sonajipant and Gangaji Mangaji and Netaji Palkar Sarnobat and Raghunath Ballal Sabnis and the Purohit were summoned and to them all was the dream related. "The goddess is favourably disposed, now will I kill Afzal Khan and rout his army " so said he. It was in the opinion of all, a hazardous step, if successful, it would be all right ; if not, what would happen ? — this became the subject of their debate. Then the Raja said — " (The conclusion of peace will also) cause loss of life. If we fight and win, well and good, if life is lost fame remains. A verse runs to this effect —

### [1.2.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.2.5)

"Victory brings fortune, death the celestial maids ; This body is but transient, What terror has then death in battle ?" Such is the course prescribed in the books of polity. Therefore it is right that we should fight. Now we should make one arrangement only. There are my son Sambhaji and my mother ; they should be kept at Rajgad. If I kill Afzal Khan and win victory, then I shall remain what I am. If perchance I lose my life in the course of the war, then there is Sambhaji Raje, deliver the kingdom to him and place yourselves at his commands." Leaving such instructions for an extreme case and exhorting everybody, he placed his head at his mother's feet and took leave of her. His mother blessed him, saying " Sivba thou shalt be victorious ! " Then the Raje started, after receiving such blessings, and went to Pratapgad. He instructed Netaji Palkar Sarnobat to come up the Ghats with his forces. And he said — " I shall invite Afzal Khan to Jawli, meet him by offering to make peace, and draw him near me by inspiring his confidence. You should then come to Ghat Matha and block the roads." Raghunath Ballal Sabnis was sent with him. And it was arranged that Moropant Pes'wa should take in his company Sham Rav Nilkanth and Trimbak Bhaskar and come from Konkan. In the meantime Krshnaji Pant came as envoy from the Khan. He was taken up to Pratapgad. The Raja had an interview with him. The Khan's message, as he had charged him, was delivered.

### [1.2.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.2.6)

\[16\] Some formal conversation made, the Raje said, — "As is the Maharaja, so is the Khan an elder to me. I shall certainly have an interview with him." So saying, (he) gave Krshnaji Pant a house for his quarters. (He) gave him leave to go there. The next day the Raje sat in his court and summoned the Sarkarkuns and all Sardars, (in short) all of like rank. And there was a faithful and respectable man named Pantaji Gopinath in the Raje's service. Him did he summon and with him he held a private council in the palace. The Raje said to Pantaji Pant — "The Khan's envoy Krshnaji Pant has come on an embassy, I shall give him leave and send him off. I shall despatch you also to Afzal Khan — Go there, have an interview with the Khan and conduct the negotiations. Demand the Khan's solemn oaths (of assurance or sincerity). If he asks for your oaths give them; make no hesitation. Anyhow bring (the Khan) to Jawli. Besides, you are to institute an enquiry in his army by some device and get information by whatever means it can be obtained. Enquire whether the Khan's heart is set on my good or harm." With these instructions the Raje went to the court (Darbar). (He) summoned Krshnaji Pant there. The Raje spoke (in the following style) — "A solemn oath from the Khan is necessary. Take on that account Pantaji Pant of our side with you to see the Khan. Make the Khan give him a (written ?) oath with an imprint of his (Khan's) palm on it. Bring the Khan to Jawli.

### [1.2.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.2.7)

I shall go and have an interview with uncle (the Khan). There is nothing evil in my mind." So said the Raje. To him (Krshnaji Pant) the proposal was agreeable. Then he presented robes of honour to Krshnaji Pant and sent him back. Similarly robes of honour were presented to Pantaji Pant and he was despatched to Afzal Khan.

### [1.3.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.3.1)

He went and interviewed the Khan. The Khan honoured him. Krshnaji Bhaskar submitted that — "Sivaji had sent Pantaji Pant as his ambassador. He should be given a private interview." On his making this suggestion, the Khan sat in a private apartment, summoned Krshnaji Pant and Pantaji Pant and asked for the news. Krshnaji Pant said — "The Raje is not opposed to your views. As is Maharaja Sahaji Raje, so are you (to him) ; so he asserted on his oaths. The Raje will without any fear come to Jawli. The Khan also should come to Jawli without entertaining any suspicion. An interview between you and him will be held. He will listen to all that you will say." When the Raja's message to this purport was made known to the Khan, he took an oath with evil intentions in his mind. The Khan said—" The Raja is a base-born unbeliever, Jawll is a place difficult of access, he asks me to meet him there. Therefore, if thou Brahman as an intermediary, wilt take an oath, (for my safe return) I shall go to meet Sivajl." Therefore, Pantaji Pant gave an assurance on a solemn oath. — " The Raje is not disposed to do you harm. Have no suspicion. Arrange for going for an interview." Saying so to the Khan, he bribed men in the army and enquired of the clerks and ministers and questioned them. They said, — " Sivaji is a rogue. He cannot be captured by fighting. Therefore an interview should be arranged by diplomacy.

### [1.3.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.3.2)

\[18\] The Khan has so contrived that he should be captured at the time of the interview." When he learnt this, Pantaji Pant came to the Khan the next day, and begged permission for going to the Raje. The Khan sent him to the Raje, with great honours. Pantaji Pant came to Pratapgad. He saw the Raja. (He) gave Pantaji Pant leave to go home at that time. At night Pantaji Pant alone was summoned to an interview. The Raje and Pant sat together and the Raje asked him for information in private with many solemn oaths — " Tell me the real facts. Tell me what is in the mind of the Khan, (and how he is inclined). You and I are not separate. If my kingdom is preserved, its entire management I shall confer on you. I shall give you much wealth also. Give me true information." Thus did the Raje take him in a brotherly fashion and enquire. Then he said, "There is evil intention in the Khan's mind. It is that he will bring you to an interview by a truce, capture you by treachery and then take you a prisoner to Bijapur. If you have courage I shall bring the Khan to Jawll, after detaching him \[from his army\] by many devices. You have to muster courage and single-handed kill him in a lonely place and plunder the whole of his army. Make the entire kingdom your own." Such was the counsel he gave. It pleased the Raje. Then he gave Pantajl Pant a reward of five thousand Hons. And (he instructed the Pant) to tell the Khan, " The Raje is very much afraid.

### [1.3.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.3.3)

He has not the courage to come to Wai for interview. The Khan is (my) superior, if he will kindly come to Jawll and grant (me) an audience then I may go to see him. It will signify his greatness, if the Khan will take me by his hand, restore my confidence by words of hope and secure my welfare by conducting me to the audience of the Badshab. Bring him with you by some such professions." With these instructions, he sent Pantajl Pant. \[19\] He went and met the Khan at Wai. He submitted (to him) the message. "The Raje is timid. He has his suspicions about coming here for an interview. You should yourself proceed to Jawli. He will come there to meet you. Give him assurances and take him with you." So said he. Thereupon the Khan, highly pleased, marched on and came to Jawli down the ghat of Radtondi. He encamped below Pratapgad and halted there. On all sides in the neighbourhood, — in various places where water could be had, descended 12,000 soldiers and musketeers with artillery waggons, elephants, and carts, in connection with camel swivels. Pantaji Pant was sent up to the fort with a message asking the Raje to come to the interview.

### [1.3.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.3.4)

Thereupon he went and saw the Raje. He made some formal communication proper to such occasions. Afterwards in private he communicated all the informations (in the following manner). "As instructed by you, I have brought the Khan. Now I shall bring about a private interview between you two in person. You should boldly do what is necessary." In this sense did he speak. It was arranged that the interview should take place another day, after a day's interval. "The Raje should descend from the fort, the Khan should advance from his tent and the two should meet each other in a tent at some intermediate place." Having settled (the matter) in this manner, he descended with the Raje's message, to the Khan in the hill-side below the fort. The news was communicated to the Khan, who also agreed (to abide by the settlement). Then the next day, the Raje prepared a place of meeting below the fort. Tents were erected, beds spread, big pillows arranged, canopies raised, and tassels of pearls hung, screens of variegated colour were fitted up, bolsters were laid (for sitters to recline on), and cushions and pads placed. The meeting-place was made ready.

### [1.3.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.3.5)

\[20\] Netaji Palkar with his forces had been brought to the Ghatmatha; to him was sent the instruction by word of mouth, — "To-morrow I go to meet the Khan, I shall win victory and return to the fort. Then only one shot will be fired from the fort. Then you are to descend from the Ghats, fall upon the Khan's army and attack it." Similarly Moro Pant Peswa had been brought from Konkan. He was also told of the signal of a shot fired from the fort. (The Raje) descended from the fort and stationed selected men in thickets at various points. The Raje himself put on a coat of mail. On his head he put on an embroidered turban, to it he attached a tassel of pearls. He put on short trousers and tucked a sash round his waist. And in his hands he held a bichva and a vaghnakh. While going to the interview he took with him two brave men, namely Jiu Mahala—a dauntless fellow, who had with him a patta (straight sword), a firang and a shield;—and Sambhaji Kavji Mahaldar similarly armed with a patta, a firang, and a shield. Other swordsmen were stationed in thickets (kept in ambush) at different places in the neighbourhood. And the Raje took his meal, after a bath. He descended from the fort prepared for going to the rendezvous.

### [1.3.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.3.6)

The Khan also got ready and started from his camp for going to the interview. In his company started 1,000 or 1,500 musketeers armed ready. Many expert swordsmen came out in his train and started (with him). Pantaji Pant at once came forward and submitted "If you go with such an assemblage, the Raja will be frightened. He will go back to the fort. The interview will not take place. \[21\] What is Sivaji? What is the necessity of so much ado for this? The Raja will come from there with two men. You should go from here with two men. You both should sit together and have an interview. Do then what the exigency requires." On his saying so, the whole following was made to wait at the distance of an arrow-shot, and the Khan in a palanquin, two officers, and Krishnaji Pant the envoy, (these only) went forward. A soldier named Said Banda, skilled in swordsmanship was taken with him (the Khan), Pantaji Pant also was in his company. They went to the pavilion (of meeting). The Khan burnt with anger in his mind as he saw the pavilion, thinking "What is Sivaji? Shahaji's son. Even a wazir has not got such gold embroidered beds. What does this pearlbedecked pavilion mean? He has got such furniture as is not possessed by the Badshah." As he made this remark, Pantaji Pant replied, "The Badshah's things will go to the Badshah's palace. Why so much anxiety for that?" When this was said, he sat down in the pavilion, couriers and messengers were sent to bring the Raje quickly.

### [1.3.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.3.7)

The Raje was waiting at the foot of the fort. Thence he proceeded slowly. He stopped, when on enquiry, he heard that Said Banda, an expert swordsman, was with the Khan. And (he) sent for Pantaji Pant. He came. To him (the Raje) said—"As is the Maharaja so is the Khan (to me). I am the Khan's nephew. He is my guardian (senior). I feel afraid as Said Banda is with the Khan. Send away this Said Banda at once from here."

### [1.4.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.4.1)

So he told Pantaji Pant. Thereupon Pantaji Pant went,—appealed to the Khan through Krshnaji Pant, (and) Said Banda too was sent away. Then the Khan and the two officers (alone) remained. Then the Raje from this side \[22\] went with two armed men Jiu Mahala and Sambhaji Kavji. The Khan stood up, and met the Raje, advancing a little. As the Raje embraced him, the Khan caught his head tightly (in an embrace) in his armpit. And unsheathed the Jamdad, he had in his hand, and struck at the side of the Raje. The weapon slid over the steel armour the Raje had on, (and) did not reach the body. Seeing this the Raje, who had the vaghnakh in his left hand, struck (the Khan's) belly with that hand. The Khan had only a cotton garment on. The Khan's guts came out at the blow of the vaghnakh. With the right hand a blow of the bichva, that he held in it, was struck. After dealing two blows in this manner, he drew out his head, jumped below the terrace (of the tent), and went away. The Khan bawled out — "I am killed ! I am killed ! Treachery ! Run quickly ! " As he said so, the bearers brought the palanquin. And they put him into the palanquin, lifted it and began to carry him off. Sambhaji Kavji Mahaldar, slashed at the legs of the bearers at once. And (he) felled the bearers below the palanquin. He cut off the Khan's head. With it in his hands he came to the Raje. At this juncture Said Banda, the swordsman, who had been running up, came near the Raje.

### [1.4.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.4.2)

He dealt a blow of his patta (Sword) at the Raje. The Raje took from Jiu Mahala the patta entrusted to him, and warded off four blows of Said Banda by holding the patta and the bichva crosswise. At the fifth blow the Raje intended to kill Said Banda, (but) in the meantime Jiu Mahala dealt a blow of his firang at Said Banda on the shoulder. That blow severed the sword arm with the weapon in it. And the Raje went quickly to the fort above, with Jiu Mahala and Sambhaji Kavji Mahaldar, carrying with him the Khan's head. \[23\] As soon as he reached the fort, he fired a cannon. At once did, men below the fort, the men and the forces on the Ghat, and Moro Pant from Konkan, and the Mawles, rush from four sides and four directions on the Khan's camp. On learning the news that the Raje had gone (back) to the fort after killing the Khan, and cutting off his head, all of the Khan's twelve thousand soldiers were struck with panic and lost heart. But in the meantime the Raje's forces carried slaughter on all sides. Severe and frightful fighting went on. For two prahars (6 hours) a frightful battle was fought. High grade noble men (asrafs) of the Khan's party and Mahomedan soldiers of the Mahadin, the Uzdin, the Pathan, the Rohila, the Surnis (?), and the Arab races ; and the Marathas of good families, the Dhangars, and the Brahmans ;

### [1.4.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.4.3)

— similarly the artillery men, the Baile infantry, the Karnatak footmen the musketeers, the light-armed men, the lancers, the right and the left wings of the army, and spearsmen of other castes, Hatutee, archers, mace-bearers swordsmen (camp-followers) camp guards, rocket throwers, and gunners, all mustered strong and gave battle. It became a big battlefield. Men and Mawles in the Raje's army fought on foot. They smote down elephants, which succumbed in their places. Of many elephants they cut off the tails, of several elephants they broke the tusks. Of many they chopped off the legs. Horses were likewise killed at one blow. Similarly many men in the Khan's army they killed outright. Of several they severed the legs. Of many they knocked out the teeth. Of many they shattered the skulls. Several died. \[24\] Those who offered fight were killed, felled, and levelled with the earth. Similarly they killed camels. A heavy slaughter was made as they fought. The dead could not be numbered. Blood flowed like a river. A desperate fighting took place. The elephants, horses, camels, treasures, palanquins and nobles captured, after fighting in this manner, were as follows : —

### [1.4.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.4.4)

Elephants male and female — numbering 65 Horses ... ... ... 4,000 Camels ... ... ... 1,200 Jewels worth ... ... Rs. 3,00,000 Clothes ... ... „ 2,000 bundles. Coins, Mohors, Hons and Gold coins (worth) ... „ 7,00,000 All the guns and artillery were captured. The officers captured were as follows: — Sardar and Wazir of high rank ... 1 Lambaji Bhonsle ... ... ... 1 Son of Afzal Khan ... ... 1 (Afzal Khan's) concubine's son ... 1 Hajri Jhunjar Rav Ghadge ... ... 1 And privates besides these. Such were the captures made. Besides (these), commodities, goods, cattle, bullocks, and cash were taken. Combatants, who begged protection holding grass in their teeth, the women and children, Bhat Brahmans and the poor, released on their professing helplessness. The Raja was a man of sacred renown, and did not kill those who sought his protection; his men also on that account released some helpless (enemies). Fazal, son of Afzal Khan, fled among the forest, with rags tied to his feet. Similarly fled many men of good birth. They could not be numbered.

### [1.4.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.4.5)

Thus was conquest made and victory won. Then the Raje had the Khan's son and those sardars who were attempting to escape, captured and brought to him. He himself descended from the fort, met all his men as well as Afzal Khan's men, and as many of his soldiers' sons as were of fighting age; treated them kindly and \[25\] reassured them, and took into his service the sons of the combatants who had fallen (in the action). He directed that the widows of those who had no sons, should be maintained by (a pension) half (their husbands') pay. The wounded were given (rewards of) two hundred, one hundred, twenty-five or fifty Hons per man, according to the nature of their wound. Warriors of renown and commanders of brigades were given horses and elephants in reward. Some were sumptuously rewarded with (ornaments like) bracelets, necklaces, crests, medallions, earrings, and crests of pearl. Such were the presents conferred on the men. Some were rewarded with grants of villages in mokasa.

### [1.4.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.4.6)

In the days of yore, the Pandavas extirpated the Kauravas, (and then alone) did such hand to hand fight between individual heroes take place. The Raje himself killed in single combat the Khan who was by nature a veritable Duryodhan; as much in strength of body as in wickedness of heart. Bhim killed him single-handed. Similarly did \[the Raje\]. Sivaji Raje was Bhim himself. It was he who killed Afzal. This deed was not that of a human being. An incarnation he surely was, and so indeed could he perform this deed. Success was attained. It happened in the above manner. The nobles of the Khan's army who had been captured were released, on professing helplessness, with presents of clothes, ornaments, and horses. After that Pantaji Pant was given numerous robes, horses, and ornaments. (He was) given immense wealth also. Rejoicings were made, news of the victory was communicated in writing to the Lady Mother (Jija Bai), and also to all at Rajgad. On hearing the news they too distributed sweets, and caused kettle drums and cornets to be played, and cannon to boom, and made great rejoicings. In this manner did things happen concerning the Raje.

### [1.4.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.4.7)

On the fourth day after that the spies and messengers brought the news to the Badshah and Badshah Zadi at Bijapur (that) Afzal Khan himself had been killed, his head severed and carried away. The whole army was plundered and utterly destroyed. On being thus informed Ali Adilshah descended from his throne, went to the harem and took to his bed. He lamented much. The Badshah Zadi likewise, when the news reached her, threw herself on the couch, whereon she was then seated, and began to cry, — "Alla! Alla! Khuda! Khuda!" (she cried) "Khuda has overthrown the sovereignty of the Mahomedans." — In this strain did she bewail (long) and lament much. For three days the Badshah Zadi did not eat or drink. In the same manner were all the nobles, the army and the entire city dejected. "To-morrow will the Raja come," they went on saying, "plunder the city and capture the fort;" so scared were they. "It seems that Khuda has taken away the Badshahi from the Mahomedans, and conferred it on the Marathas." In this manner they began to talk.

### [1.4.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.4.8)

After this Sri Bhavani of Tuljapur came to the Raja in a dream, and said, "I have got Afzal killed with thy hands, and those who came afterwards I caused to be defeated. In future too are great deeds to be performed. I shall live in thy kingdom. Establish me and maintain my worship". Then the Raje loaded a cart with money, sent it to the Gandaki, brought a stone of that river, made an image of Sri Bhavani with it and established the goddess at Pratapgad. Many deeds of charity were performed, jewelled ornaments of many different styles were made for the goddess. Mokasa villages were granted (to Bhavani), and separate Havaldar, Majumdar and Peswa appointed for the goddess's property and a great festivity was inaugurated. Vows have always been offered and fairs held (at Pratapgad) exactly as at Tuljapur, and a behest was made in a dream to the people going to the fair of Tuljapur.

### [1.5.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.5.1)

"I am at Pratapgad, you should go there, see me, and fulfil your vows." So said the goddess. It became \[known\] as the shrine of a living deity. Afterwards, realising that Afzal Khan, who was one of the principal wazirs of Bijapur, had been overthrown and that kingdom consequently weakened, the Raje captured all the forts belonging to the Bijapur state in Talkonkan. Fifty to sixty \[27\] were taken. Talkonkan was conquered. Varghat also was occupied. Then a mighty force of seven thousand Paga and eight thousand Siledars, fifteen thousand in all, and 12,000 militia (hasm) was mobilised. With the whole of the assembled army Netaji Palkar Sarnobat led an expedition to the Mughal dominions and plundered Baleghat, Parande, Haveli \[of\] Kalyan, Kulbarga, Avsa, Udgir and territories as far as the valley of the Godavery. Contribution was levied. Lands were confiscated. The suburbs of Aurangabad were plundered. The Mughal Faujdar of Aurangabad advanced and there took place a battle with him. Horses and elephants were captured. The Mughal territory was utterly disturbed. He (Netaji) went on performing such heroic deeds. The Raje appointed officers and framed the following regulations for the management of the forts that had been captured. In every fort there should be a Havaldar, a Sabnis, (and) a Sarnobat, (and) these three officers should be of the same status. These three should conjointly carry on the administration. There should be kept a store of grain and war material in the fort.

### [1.5.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.5.2)

An officer called Karkhannis was appointed for this work. Under his supervision \[28\] should be written all accounts of income and expenditure. Where the fort was an important one, (and) where forts were of extensive circuit, should be kept five to seven Tat Sarnobats (cfZ^T'ttWff). (The charge of) the ramparts should be divided among them. They should be careful about keeping vigilant watch. Of every ten men of the garrison to be stationed in the fort, one should be made a Naik. Nine privates (mk\<\*) and the tenth a Naik — men of good families should in this manner be recruited. Of the forces, the musketeers (4«$\<t0), the spearsmen (fz^ft), the archers (fa^T«0, and the light armed men (\*rF5-TOift), should be appointed after the Raje himself had carefully inspected each man individually, (and selected) the brave and shrewd. The garrison in the fort, the Havaldar and the Sarnobat should be Marathas of good family. They should be appointed after some one of the Royal personal staff (^TCTrO had agreed to stand surety (for them). A Brahman known to the personal staff of the king should be appointed Sabnis and a Prabhu Karkhannis. In this manner each officer retained should be dissimilar \[in caste\] to the other. The fort was not to be left in the hands of the Havaldar alone. No single individual could surrender the fort to any rebel or a miscreant. In this manner was the administration of the forts carefully carried. A new system was introduced.

### [1.5.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.5.3)

Similarly Pagas were organised in the army. The strength of the Paga was rendered superior \[to that of the Siledar.\] The Siledars were placed under the jurisdiction of the Paga. To none was left independence enough for rebelling. To every horse in the Paga was appointed a trooper (Bargir) ; over twenty-five such Bargirs was appointed an expert Maratha Havaldar. (Each body of) five Havalas was named a Jumla. The Jumladar should have a salary of five hundred Hons and a palanquin ; and his Majumdar a salary of one hundred to one hundred and twenty-five Hons. For every twenty-five horses (there should be) a water carrier (पखालजी) and a farrier (नालबंद). A Hazari was (a commander of) ten such Jumlas. To this (office was attached) a salary of one thousand Hons, a Majumdar, a Maratha Karbhari, and a Prabhu Kayastha Jamnis ; for them (was allotted) five hundred Hons. Salary and palanquin should be given to each individual according to this scale. Accounts of income and expenditure should be made up in the presence of all the four. Five such \[29\] Hazaris should be (united under) a Panch Hazari. To him (should be given) a salary of two thousand Hons. A Majumdar, a Karbhari and a Jamnis should likewise be (attached to) him. These five Hazaris were under the command of the Sarnobat. The administration of the Paga was of the same kind. Similarly the different brigadiers (subhas) of the Siledars also were under the command of the Sarnobat.

### [1.5.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.5.4)

Both the Paga and the Siledars should obey the orders of the Sarnobat. With each Hazari and Panch Hazari should be stationed Karkuns for the Vaknisi (news-writing) work, Harkaras (couriers and spies) and Jasuds appointed by the Sarnobat. Bahirji Jadhava, a very shrewd man, was appointed Naik of the Jasuds under the Sarnobat. This man was selected after great scrutiny. The army should come to cantonments in the home dominions during the rainy season. There should be kept stored grains, fodder, medicines, houses for men and stables for horses thatched with grass. As soon as the Dasra was over, the army should march out of their quarters. At the time of their departure, an inventory should be made, of the belongings of all the men, great or small, in the army, and they should start on the expedition. For eight months, the forces should subsist (on their spoils) in the foreign territories. They should levy contribution. There should be no women, female slaves, or dancing girls in the army. He who would keep them should be beheaded. In enemy territories, women and children should not be captured. Males, if found, should be captured. Cows should not be taken. Bullocks should be requisitioned for transport purposes only. Brahmans should not be molested; where contribution has been laid, a Brahman should not be taken as a surety. No one should commit adultery. For eight months, they should be on their expedition in foreign territories.

### [1.5.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.5.5)

On the way back to the barracks in the month of Vaisakh, the whole army should be searched at the frontiers of the home dominions. The former inventory of the belongings should be produced. Whatever might be in excess, should be valued and deducted from the soldiers' salary. Things of very great value, if any, should be sent to the royal treasury. If any one secretly kept (any thing) and the Sardar came to know (of it), the Sardar should punish him. After the return of the army to their camp, an account should be made, and all the Sardars should come to see the Raje, with gold, silver, jewels, clothes, and other commodities. There all the accounts should be explained and the things should be delivered to His Majesty. An account of the expenditure upon men in the army should be submitted. If any surplus should be found as due to the contingents it should be asked for in cash from His Majesty. Then they should return to the barrack. Saranjam should be given to the men who had worked hard (in the late campaign). If any one had been guilty of violating the rules or of cowardice, an enquiry should be made and the truth ascertained with the consensus of many and (the offender) should be punished with dismissal. Investigation should be quickly made. For four months they should remain in the barracks and on the Dasra day they should wait on the Raje. (Then) they should march out to the country, selected for the expedition, by the order of the Raje. Such were the rules of the army.

### [1.5.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.5.6)

Similarly, among the Mawles, there was one Naik for every ten men. Over (every) fifty men or five Naiks there was a Havaldar. Over two or three Havaldas there was a Jumledar. Over ten Jumlas there was a Hazari, the Jumladar had a salary of one hundred Hons per year. (He had) a Sabnis who had salary of 40 Hons. The Hazari got a salary of five hundred Hons. His Sabnis's salary was from 100 to 125 Hons. Such were the terms of the Hazari's appointment. Over seven Hazaris, was appointed a Sarnobat, Yesaji Kank by name. Every body was to abide by his orders.

### [1.5.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.5.7)

To the Sarnobat, and the Majumdar, and the Karkuns, and men on the personal staff of the Raje, were given assignments on land revenue, for their salary. The land cultivated by them was taxed like that of the Rayats and the sum credited as \[part of\] their pay. The balance, of their dues (was paid by) 'barat' (orders) either on the Huzur (Central Government) or on the District (establishments). In this manner were their annual accounts punctually settled. Mokasa Mahals or villages with absolute rights should on no account be granted to the (men in the) army, the militia (Hasham) and the fort establishments. Every payment should be made by varats or with cash from the treasury. None but the Karkuns had any authority over the lands. All payments to the army, the militia, and the fort establishment should be made by the Karkuns. If mokasa were granted, the Rayats would grow unruly and wax strong; and the collection regulations would no longer be obeyed. If the Rayats grew powerful, there would be (rebellions) disturbance at various places. Those, who were given mokasas, if united with the Zamindars, would grow unruly. Therefore mokasas should not be granted to anybody.

### [1.6.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.6.1)

Karkuns should be appointed for conducting investigation into the provinces that were conquered. In the first place an expert scribe, experienced in the Daftardar's work, one who has drafted papers (documents) and drawn accounts, in short, an intelligent man (well versed in) Daftardar's work should be selected and stationed in each tract and charged with the Majmu office (Majumdar's office) of the Mahal. To some should be entrusted the custody of the Mahal. To some should be given the accountantship of the Subha. Then as things progress, an intelligent and careful Havaldar should be picked up and the Subha should be conferred on (him). The mamlat of the Mahal should be given to a clever Majumdar of the Subha, skilled in writing and conversant in account keeping. The charge of a province (or district) should not be entrusted to one, who did not know how to write or had not served as a Kamavis. Such a man should be sent back by being told, either to serve under the Badshahi or to enlist as a Siledar with his (own) horse. Of the Karkuns employed in the province, the Havaldar, according to the size of his Mahal should be given a salary of three Hons, or as much as four or five Hons, the Majumdar should be paid at the rate of three, four, five, fifty or seventy-five Hons. Over two Mahals (yielding) a lakh, one and a quarter of a lakh, and three quarters of a lakh of Hons (approximately), should be placed a Subhedar and a Karkun.

### [1.6.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.6.2)

To them should be assigned a salary of four hundred Hons per man. The Majumdar, appointed to the Subha should be given a salary of one hundred to one hundred and twenty-five Hons. The Subhedar should be made to maintain a palanquin (on an allowance) of four hundred Hons. The Majumdar should be given a sunshade. An allowance (for maintaining Abdagiri) should be granted from the Sarkar. Under the Badshahi, (the honour of using) umbrellas used to be granted to wazirs, omraos and distinguished nobles ; that system was recently abolished, (as it seemed to be) an anomaly that umbrellas (should be held) over the Badshah, as well as over his servants. Therefore the Badshahi system of (granting the use of) umbrella was abolished and the use of) the sunshade (Abdagiri) introduced. All officers with a salary of full one hundred in the army or in the militia, that might be out on a mulukhgiri expedition, should keep the sunshade. Within the dominions, a Subha was placed 'in charge of) each tract (yielding) one lakh of Rupees. \[32\] To the unsettled provinces on the frontier, a force of infantry, cavalry, and militia, as strong as each place might require should be sent with the Karkun in charge of the mulukhgiri. Similarly lands in the provinces were surveyed, (including forest lands) and their area as calculated in chavars. The length of the (measuring) rod was five cubits and five muthis. A cubit should be equal to fourteen tansus.

### [1.6.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.6.3)

The length of the rod, in cubits and muthis, (should be) eighty tansus. Twenty kathis (rods) square made one bigha. One hundred and twenty bighas made one chavar. According to this measurement were lands surveyed and measured, and the area ascertained by measuring each village (separately). An estimate was made of the produce (in grain) of each bigha, and after dividing the grains into five shares, three of the shares should be given to the Rayat; two shares should be taken for the government. According to this scale should (rent) be realised from the Rayat. New Rayats, (who) will come (to settle), should be given cattle. Grain and money should be given (to them) for (providing themselves with) seeds. Money and grain (should be ?) given for their subsistence (and) the sum should be realised in two or four years according to the means (of the Rayats). In this manner should the Rayats be supported. In every village, from each individual Rayat, should the Karkun, according to the assessment, realise rent in grains from the crops (at the time of each harvest). In the provinces, the Rayats were not to be subject to the jurisdiction and regulations of the Zamindar, the Desmukh and the Desai. If they offer to plunder the Rayats, by assuming authority \[over them\] it does not lie in their power. The Adil Sahi, the Nizam Sahi, and the Mughlai countries were conquered (by Sivaji) : in the Des all Rayats used to be under the Patil and the Kulkarni of those places, and the Desmukhs.

### [1.6.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.6.4)

They used to make the collection and to pay an unspecified sum (tribute). For a village, where the Mirasdars took one to two thousand {Hons or Rupees ?), (they) used to render two hundred to three hundred to the government as quit-rent. Therefore the Mirasdar grew wealthy and strengthened (himself) by building bastions, castles and strongholds in the village, and enlisting footmen and musketeers. (They) did not care to wait on the revenue officers. If the revenue officer said that they could pay more revenue the (Mirasdars) stood up to quarrel with him. In this way (they grew) unruly and forcibly misappropriated (the lands in the Des). On this account did the Raje demolish the bastions, the castles and the strongholds, after conquering the Des. Where there were important forts, he posted his (own) garrison. And nothing was left in the hands of the Mirasdars. This done, (he) prohibited all that the Mirasdars used to take at their sweet will, by Inam (right) or revenue farming and fixed the rates of the dues in cash and grains, for the Zamindars, as well as of the rights and the perquisites of the Desmukh, the Deshulkarni and the Patil (and) the Kulkarni according to the yield of the village. The Zamindars were prohibited to build bastioned castles. (They were to) build houses (and) live (therein). Such were the regulations for the provinces.

### [1.6.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1.6.5)

There were gods and shrines at different places in the country, their illumination, food offering, and ablution, were properly maintained, (by granting an allowance) according to the importance of the place. The illumination of, and food offerings to the shrines of Mahomedan saints (qft) and the mosques of the Mahomedans were continued (by state allowance) according to the importance of (each) place. Brahmans reciting the Vedas should be placed in comfortable maintenance and learned Brahmans, Vedic scholars, astrologers, ritualists (^M«|8i?u\>), ascetics, and pious men should be selected from every village, and a grant of money and grains should be assigned to each in his own village in the Mahal, according to the size of their (respective) families, and the expense of feeding and clothing them; and it should be arranged that the Karkun should convey their allowance to them every year (regularly). The Brahmans, should subsist on this (grant), continue prescribed baths and prayers (w^ ^3TT)» pray for the Raje's welfare and live happily. In this manner the Raja ruled his kingdom, continuing his enquiries about the forts and the strongholds, the army and the militia, the provinces and the personal staff.

_First 43 of 163 passages. [Read on](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1)_

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Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.maratha.bakhar.sabhasad-bakhar~en-sen.1) · Pramāṇa