[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Dark Ages](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages) › [Mughals (1526–1857)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal) › [Bābur (1526–1530)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.babur) › [Bāburnāma](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.babur.baburnama) › [The Babur-nama in English (A. S. Beveridge)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.babur.baburnama~en-beveridge) › 910.3 # The Memoirs of Bābur 910.3 The Bābur-nāma in English (A. S. Beveridge) 910.3 - **Language:** English ### [910.3.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.babur.baburnama~en-beveridge.910.3.1) My mother and the belongings left behind in Kāhmard rejoined us at Ābā-qūrūq. They had been in great danger, the particulars of which are these:—Sherīm T̤aghāī had gone to set Khusrau Shāh on his way for Khurāsān, and this done, was to fetch the families from Kāhmard. When he reached Dahānah, he found he was not his own master; Khusrau Shāh went on with him into Kāhmard, where was his sister's son, Aḥmad-i-qāsim. These two took up an altogether wrong \[Sidenote: Fol. 126b.\] position towards the families in Kāhmard. Hereupon a number of Bāqī Beg's Mughūls, who were with the families, arranged secretly with Sherīm T̤aghāī to lay hands on Khusrau Shāh and Aḥmad-i-qāsim. The two heard of it, fled along the Kāhmard-valley on the Ajar side\[709\] and made for Khurāsān. To bring this about was really what Sherīm T̤aghāī and the Mughūls wanted. Set free from their fear of Khusrau Shāh by his flight, those in charge of the families got them out of Ajar, but when they reached Kāhmard, the Sāqānchī (var. Asīqanchī) tribe blocked the road, like an enemy, and plundered the families of most of Bāqī Beg's men.\[710\] They made prisoner Qul-i-bāyazīd's little son, Tīzak; he came into Kābul three or four years later. The plundered and unhappy families crossed by the Qībchāq-pass, as we had done, and they rejoined us in Ābā-qūrūq. ### [910.3.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.babur.baburnama~en-beveridge.910.3.2) Leaving that camp we went, with one night's halt, to the Chālāk-meadow, and there dismounted. After counsel taken, it was decided to lay siege to Kābul, and we marched forward. With what men of the centre there were, I dismounted between Ḥaidar \_Tāqī's\_\[711\] garden and the tomb of Qul-i-bāyazīd, the Taster (\_bakāwal\_);\[712\] Jahāngīr Mīrzā, with the men of the right, \[Sidenote: Fol. 127.\] dismounted in my great Four-gardens (\_Chār-bāgh\_), Nāṣir Mīrzā, with the left, in the meadow of Qūtlūq-qadam's tomb. People of ours went repeatedly to confer with Muqīm; they sometimes brought excuses back, sometimes words making for agreement. His tactics were the sequel of his dispatch, directly after Sherak's defeat, of a courier to his father and elder brother (in Qandahār); he made delays because he was hoping in them. ### [910.3.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.babur.baburnama~en-beveridge.910.3.3) One day our centre, right, and left were ordered to put on their mail and their horses' mail, to go close to the town, and to display their equipment so as to strike terror on those within. Jahāngīr Mīrzā and the right went straight forward by the Kūcha-bāgh;\[713\] I, with the centre, because there was water, went along the side of Qūtlūq-qadam's tomb to a mound facing the rising-ground;\[714\] the van collected above Qūtlūq-qadam's bridge,—at that time, however, there was no bridge. When the braves, showing themselves off, galloped close up to the Curriers'-gate,\[715\] a few who had come out through it fled in again without making any stand. A crowd of Kābulīs who had come out to see the sight raised a great dust when they ran away from the high slope of the glacis of the citadel (\_i.e.\_ Bālā-ḥiṣār). A number of pits had been dug up the rise \[Sidenote: Fol. 127b.\] between the bridge and the gate, and hidden under sticks and rubbish; Sl. Qulī \_Chūnāq\_ and several others were thrown as they galloped over them. A few braves of the right exchanged sword-cuts with those who came out of the town, in amongst the lanes and gardens, but as there was no order to engage, having done so much, they retired. ### [910.3.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.babur.baburnama~en-beveridge.910.3.4) Those in the fort becoming much perturbed, Muqīm made offer through the begs, to submit and surrender the town. Bāqī Beg his mediator, he came and waited on me, when all fear was chased from his mind by our entire kindness and favour. It was settled that next day he should march out with retainers and following, goods and effects, and should make the town over to us. Having in mind the good practice Khusrau Shāh's retainers had had in indiscipline and longhandedness, we appointed Jahāngīr Mīrzā and Nāṣir Mīrzā with the great and household begs, to escort Muqīm's family out of Kābul\[716\] and to bring out Muqīm himself with his various dependants, goods and effects. Camping-ground was assigned to him at Tīpa.\[717\] When the Mīrzās and the Begs went at dawn to the Gate, they saw much mobbing and tumult of the common people, so they sent me a man to say, "Unless you come yourself, there will be no holding these people in." In the end I got to horse, had two or three persons shot, two or three cut in pieces, and so stamped the rising down. Muqīm and his belongings then got out, safe and sound, \[Sidenote: Fol. 128.\] and they betook themselves to Tīpa. It was in the last ten days of the Second Rabī\` (Oct. 1504 AD.)\[718\] that without a fight, without an effort, by Almighty God's bounty and mercy, I obtained and made subject to me Kābul and Ghaznī and their dependent districts. DESCRIPTION OF KĀBUL\[719\] ### [910.3.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.babur.baburnama~en-beveridge.910.3.5) The Kābul country is situated in the Fourth climate and in the midst of cultivated lands.\[720\] On the east it has the Lamghānāt,\[721\] Parashāwar (Pashāwar), Hash(t)-nagar and some of the countries of Hindūstān. On the west it has the mountain region in which are Karnūd (?) and Ghūr, now the refuge and dwelling-places of the Hazāra and Nikdīrī (var. Nikudārī) tribes. On the north, separated from it by the range of Hindū-kush, it has the Qūndūz and Andar-āb countries. On the south, it has Farmūl, Naghr (var. Naghz), Bannū and Afghānistān.\[722\] (\_a. Town and environs of Kābul.\_) ### [910.3.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.babur.baburnama~en-beveridge.910.3.6) The Kābul district itself is of small extent, has its greatest length from east to west, and is girt round by mountains. Its walled-town connects with one of these, rather a low one known as Shāh-of-Kābul because at some time a (Hindū) Shāh of Kābul built a residence on its summit.\[723\] Shāh-of-Kābul begins at the Dūrrīn narrows and ends at those of Dih-i-yaq\`ūb\[724\]; it may be 4 miles (2 \_shar\`ī\_) round; its skirt is covered with gardens fertilized from a canal which was brought along the hill-slope in the time of my paternal uncle, Aūlūgh Beg Mīrzā by his guardian, Wais Atāka.\[725\] The water of this canal comes to an end in a retired corner, a quarter known as Kul-kīna\[726\] where much debauchery has gone on. About this place it \[Sidenote: Fol. 128b.\] sometimes used to be said, in jesting parody of Khwāja Ḥāfiẓ\[727\],—"Ah! the happy, thoughtless time when, with our names in ill-repute, we lived days of days at Kul-kīna!" ### [910.3.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.babur.baburnama~en-beveridge.910.3.7) East of Shāh-of-Kabūl and south of the walled-town lies a large pool\[728\] about a 2 miles \[\_shar\`ī\_\] round. From the town side of the mountain three smallish springs issue, two near Kul-kīna; Khwāja Shamū's\[729\] tomb is at the head of one; Khwāja Khiẓr's Qadam-gāh\[730\] at the head of another, and the third is at a place known as Khwāja Raushānāī, over against Khwāja \`Abdu'ṣ-ṣamad. On a detached rock of a spur of Shāh-of-Kābul, known as \`Uqābain,\[731\] stands the citadel of Kābul with the great walled-town at its north end, lying high in excellent air, and overlooking the large pool already mentioned, and also three meadows, namely, Siyāh-sang (Black-rock), Sūng-qūrghān (Fort-back), and Chālāk (Highwayman?),—a most beautiful outlook when the meadows are green. The north-wind does not fail Kābul in the heats; people call it the Parwān-wind\[732\]; it makes a delightful temperature in the windowed houses on the northern part of the citadel. In praise of the citadel of Kābul, Mullā Muḥammad \_T̤ālib Mu\`ammāī\_ (the Riddler)\[733\] \[Sidenote: Fol. 129.\] used to recite this couplet, composed on Badī\`u'z-zamān Mīrzā's name:— Drink wine in the castle of Kābul and send the cup round without pause; For Kābul is mountain, is river, is city, is lowland in one.\[734\] (\_b. Kābul as a trading-town.\_) ### [910.3.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.babur.baburnama~en-beveridge.910.3.8) Just as \`Arabs call every place outside \`Arab (Arabia), \`Ajam, so Hindūstānīs call every place outside Hindūstān, Khurāsān. There are two trade-marts on the land-route between Hindūstān and Khurāsān; one is Kābul, the other, Qandahār. To Kābul caravans come from Kāshghar,\[735\] Farghāna,Turkistān, Samarkand, Bukhārā, Balkh, Ḥiṣār and Badakhshān. To Qandahār they come from Khurāsān. Kābul is an excellent trading-centre; if merchants went to Khīta or to Rūm,\[736\] they might make no higher profit. Down to Kābul every year come 7, 8, or 10,000 horses and up to it, from Hindūstān, come every year caravans of 10, 15 or 20,000 heads-of-houses, bringing slaves (\_barda\_), white cloth, sugar-candy, refined and common sugars, and aromatic roots. Many a trader is not content with a profit of 30 or 40 on 10.\[737\] In Kābul can be had the products of Khurāsān, Rūm, \`Irāq and Chīn (China); while it is Hindūstān's own market. (\_c. Products and climate of Kābul.\_) In the country of Kābul, there are hot and cold districts close to one another. In one day, a man may go out of the town of Kābul to where snow never falls, or he may go, in two sidereal \[Sidenote: Fol. 129b.\] hours, to where it never thaws, unless when the heats are such that it cannot possibly lie. --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.babur.baburnama~en-beveridge.910.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.babur.baburnama~en-beveridge.910.3) · Pramāṇa